ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 3-13
UDK 633.16321:631.442.4:631.51.02
VOLAVIMO BÛDØ ÁTAKA SËKLOS GUOLIAVIETËS SUDARYMUI VASARINIAMS MIEÞIAMS SUNKAUS PRIEMOLIO DIRVOSE
Lietuv
os þemdirbystës instituto Joniðkëlio bandymø stotisJoniðkëlis, Pasvalio rajonas
El. paðtas: lzi_joniskelio@post.omnitel.net
Santrauka
Optimalios mieþiø sëklos guoliavietës sudarymo prieðsëjiniu þemës dirbimu ir volavimu tyrimai vykdyti 1996-1998 metais Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Joniðkëlio bandymø stotyje, kuri yra Vidurio Lietuvos þemumoje. Bandymai atlikti drenuotame, sukultûrintame velëniniame karbonatiniame sunkaus priemolio ant sunkaus molio dirvoþemyje, kurio dirvodarinë uoliena limnoglaci
alinis molis.Nustatyta, kad dirvos bendrasis poringumas sëklos guoliavietëje daugeliu atvejø buvo esmingai 2,5-4,8 proc. vnt. maþesnis prieð ir po sëjos voluotoje lygiaisiais bei prieð sëjà þiediniais dantytais volais dirvoje, palyginus su nevoluota. Kultivuojant dirvà prieð sëjà kombinuotu spyruokliniø akëèiø agregatu bei voluojant prieð ir po sëjos þiediniais dantytais volais ið esmës 1,5-2,3 proc. vnt. maþëjo dirvos drëgnumas sëklos guoliavietëje, palyginus su kultivuota C formos noragëliais ir ne
voluota. Mieþiø dygimas labiausiai gerëjo po sëjos suvolavus lygiaisiais ir þiediniais dantytais volais. Prieðsëjinis dirvos dirbimas, esant tyrimø metais ðlapiems posëjiniams periodams, didelës átakos mieþiø grûdø derliui neturëjo, o voluotoje prieð sëjà ţiediniais dantytais volais ið esmës 0,21 t/ha, arba 5,0 % mieþiø grûdø derlius buvo maþesnis, palyginus su nevoluota. Energijos sànaudø ekonomijos poþiûriu apsimokëjo dirvà prieð sëjà ádirbti kombinuotu spyruokliniø akëèiø agregatu ir prieð sëjà bei po sëjos voluoti lygiaisiais volais, palyginus su tradiciniu bûdu kultivuota ir nevoluota.Reikðminiai þodþiai: sunkus priemolis, þemës dirbimas, fizikinës ir technologinës savybës, vasariniai mieþiai.
Chapter 1. AGRICULTURE AND CROP PRODUCTION
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 3-13
UDK 633.16321:631.442.4:631.51.02
EFFECT OF ROLLING METHODS ON SPRING BARLEY SEEDBED PREPARATION ON A CLAY LOAM SOIL
A. Satkus
Summary
Investigations of the formation of optimal seedbed for barley
by pre-sowing soil tillage and rolling were conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agricultures Joniðkëlis Research Station over the period 1996-1998. Experiments were conducted on a drained, cultivated, sod calcareous, clay loam soil.Experimental findings show, that the total soil porosity in the seedbed was in many cases significantly lower by 2.5-4.8 percentage units in the soil rolled before and after sowing by flat rollers and before sowing by cambridge rollers as compared with the not rolled soil. Soil cultivation before sowing by a combined spring-tine harrow and rolling before and after sowing by cambridge rollers significantly reduced soil moisture content in the seedbed by 1.5-2.3 percentage units as compared with the soil cultivated by C type tines and not rolled. In the rolled soil barley seed was placed at a more shallow depth 0.5 cm in the soil rolled by cambridge rollers as compared with not rolled soil. Barley emergence was best improved by post-sowing rolling by flat and cambridge rollers. Pre-sowing soil tillage did not have any significant effect on barley grain yield if there were wet post-sowing periods during the experimental years, and the effect of rolling before sowing by cambridge rollers significantly reduced the barley grain yield by 0.21 t/ha or 5.0 % as compared with the not rolled soil.
Key words: clay loam soil, soil tillage, physical and technological properties, spring barley.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 14-28
UDK [631.893:631.816.1+631.862+631.872]:631.582:633:631.55
SKIRTINGAIS BÛDAIS APSKAIÈIUOTØ NPK TRÀÐØ NORMØ, MËÐLO IR ÐIAUDØ VEIKSMINGUMO PALYGINIMAS SËJOMAINOJE
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Elmininkø bandymø stotis
N. Elmininkai, Anykðèiø rajonas
El. paðtas: elmininkai@anyksciai.omnitel.net
Jonas MAÞVILA, Zigmas VAIÐVILA, Elena RYLIÐKIENË,
Jonas ARBAÈAUSKAS, Leonas EITMINAVIÈIUS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Agrocheminiø tyrimø centras
Savanoriø pr. 287, Kaunas
El.paðtas:lzi
_atc@euteka.lt.Santrauka
1994-1998 m. Elmininkuose velëniniame jauriniame glëjiðkame, pagal naujà FAO klasifikacijà moreninës kilmës smëlingame lengvo priemolio giliai glëjiðkame karbonatingame iðplautþemyje daryti sëjomaininiai lauko bandymai, siekiant nustatyti skirtingais bûdais apskaièiuotø NPK tràðø normø, ðiaudø ir mëðlo naudojimo átakà lauko sëjomainos augalø derliui.
Prieð bandymo árengimà esant dirvoþemyje pakankamai maisto medþiagø, NPK tràðos buvo maþai veiksmingos pirmiems sëjomainos rotacijos augalams: I ir II naudojimo metø daugiametëms þolëms bei þieminiams kvieèiams. Po jø augusiø bulviø ir mieþiø derlius nuo NPK tràðø padidëjo ið esmës: bulviø atitinkamai 10,0-12,3, o mieþiø grûdø 1,36-1,37 t/ha. Didþiausias derlius gautas, kai ðie
ms augalams mineraliniø tràðø normos buvo skaièiuotos balansiniu metodu.Vidutinis þemës ûkio augalø derlius sëjomainoje, iðreikðtas apykaitos energija, nuo NPK tràðø padidëjo 10,1 GJ/ha, arba 14,4 %. Daugiausiai apykaitos energijos kasmet gauta, kai þemës ûkio augalai buvo patræðti vidutinëmis ðiuo metu rekomenduojamomis NPK tràðø normomis, koreguotomis pagal maisto medþiagø kieká dirvoþemyje. Uþ 1 kg NPK tràðø gauta 0,07 GJ apykaitos energijos.
Patræðus nekoreguotomis vidutinëmis tràðø normomis, uþ 1 kg NPK tràðø gautas apykaitos energijos priedas sumaþëjo iki 0,46, o kai tràðø normos buvo skaièiuotos balansiniu metodu iki 0,04-0,036 GJ.
Nuo mëðlo bulviø gumbø derlius padidëjo 5,6 t/ha, arba 24,0 %, o nuo ðiaudø, panaudotø kaip organinë tràða, 1,2 t/ha, arba 5,1 %. Po bulviø auginamø mieþiø grûdø derlius ið esmës (0,33 t/ha, arba 13,1 %) padidëjo tik nuo mëðlo, o ðiaudai teigiamos átakos neturëjo.
Reikðminiai þodþiai: dirvoþemis, tràðos, þemës ûkio augalai.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 14-28
UDK [631.893:631.816.1+631.862+631.872]:631.582:633:631.55
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF NPK FERTILISER RATES, CALCULATED BY DIFFERENT METHODS, AND THE EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE AND STRAW IN THE CROP ROTATION
O. Simanavièienë, J. Maþvila, Z. Vaiðvila, E. Ryliðkienë, J. Arbaèauskas, L. Eitminavièius
Summary
Field experiments involving crop rotations were carried out in Elmininkai over the period 1994-1998 on an Endohypoglei-calc(ar)ic Luvisol. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effects of NPK fertiliser rates, straw and farmyard manure, calculated by different methods on the yield of the crop rotation crops.
As prior to the establishment of the trial the soil had a sufficient content of nutrients, the efficacy of NPK fertilisers was low for the first crops of the rotation perennial grasses of the 1stand 2ndyear of use and winter wheat. A significant yield increase through NPK fertilisation occurred in potato and barley crops (10.0-12.3, and 1.36-1.37 t/ha respectively), which were grown after them. The highest yield was obtained when these crops were applied by the fertiliser rates calculated by the balance method.
Average yield of the agricultural crops in the crop rotation, expressed by metabolisable energy, increased by 10.1 GJ/ha, or 14.4 % through NPK fertilisation. The highest content of annual metabolisable energy was obtained when the agricultural crops had been fertilised by average, currently recommended NPK rates, adjusted according to the nutrient content in the soil. 1 kg of NPK fertilisers yielded 0.07 GJ of metabolisable energy.
When unadjusted average fertiliser rates had been applied the increase in metabolisable energy declined to 0.46 per 1 kg of NPK, and when fertiliser rates had been calculated by the balance method to 0.04-0.036 GJ.
Potato tuber yield increased by 5.6 t/ha, or 24.0 % through manure application. Straw used as organic fertiliser increased potato tuber yield by 1.2 t/ha, or 5.1 %. The grain yield of barley grown after potatoes significantly increased (0.33 t/ha, or 13.1 %) only through manure application, while straw did not have any positive effect.
Key words: soils, fertilisers, agricultural crops.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 29-40
UDK 633.14<324>:631.531.04:631.559
SËJOS LAIKO IR SËKLOS NORMOS ÁTAKA TETRAPLOIDINIØ ÞIEMINIØ RUGIØ RÛKAI PRODUKTYVUMUI
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
albinas@lzi.ltSantrauka
Tetraploidiniø rugiø sëjos laiko, sëklos normø bei pasëlio produktyvumo rodikliø iðtyrimui Dotnuvoje, velëniniame glëjiðkame lengvai pajaurëjusiame lengvo priemolio dirvoþemyje 1994-1996 metais daryti lauko bandymai. Buvo sëjama penkiais terminais: 25 rugpjûèio, 5, 15 ir 25 rugsëjo ir 5 spalio iðsëjant 3,5; 4,5; 5,5 ir 6,5 mln/ha daigiø sëklø.
Santykinai daugiausiai augalø sudygo sëjant maþiausià 3,5 mln/ha daigiø sëklø normà. Priklausomai nuo sëjos laiko, rugiø sudygo 75,6-92,5 % nuo pasëtø sëklø kiekio. Aukðèiausi rugiai uþaugo juos pasëjus rugsëjo 5 dienà. Sëjà vëlinant augalø aukðtis maþëjo. Esminis augalø aukðèio sumaþëjimas nustatytas rugius pasëjus rugsëjo 25 ir spalio 5 dienà. Didinant sëklos normà, produktyviø stiebø skaièius pl
oto vienete didëjo. Sëklos normà didinant ir sëjà vëlinant, rugiai iðaugino trumpesnes varpas. Grûdø skaièius varpose dël sëklos normos didinimo maþëjo sëjà vëlinant iki rugsëjo 25 dienos ir sëjant labai anksti, t.y. rugpjûèio 25 dienà.Sëjos laikas ir sëklos norma turëjo átakos rugiø grûdø derliui. Trejø metø vidutiniai duomenys parodë, kad esminis derliaus sumaþëjimas nustatytas tik sëjant vëliausiu terminu, t.y. spalio 5 dienà. Pastebëta tendencija, kad didþiausias derlius gaunamas ið laukeliø, kurie bu
vo sëti 4,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà norma. Esminis skirtumas tarp variantø, sëtø 3,5 ir 4,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà, gautas tik sëjà suvëlinus iki rugsëjo 25 dienos. Sëklos normos didinimas iki 5,5 ir 6,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà neturëjo esminës átakos rugiø grûdø derliui nei sëjant anksti, nei rugiø sëjà vëlinant. Vëlinant rugiø sëjà, grûduose didëjo bendrojo ir baltyminio azoto kiekis ir maþëjo krakmolo kiekis. Sëjant vëliausiu terminu spalio 5 dienà ðie pokyèiai buvo esminiai. Sëklos norma ðiems rodikliams esminës átakos neturëjo.Reikđminiai ţodţiai:
þieminiai rugiai, sëjos laikas, sëklos normos, produktyvumo rodikliai, bendrojo ir baltyminio azoto kiekis, krakmolo kiekis grûduose.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 29-40
UDK 633.14<324>631.531.04:631.559
THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME AND SOWING RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TETRAPLOID WINTER RYE CV. 'RÛKAI'
O. Auðkalnienë
Summary
Experiment to investigate the effect of sowing time and sowing rate on the productivit
y of tetraploid rye cv. Rûkai was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on a podzolic humic carbonated light loamy soil over the period 1994-1996. The experimental design consisted of 20 treatments: five dates of sowing: August 25, September 5, 15, 25 and October 5and four seed rates: 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 million/ha of seeds.According to the averaged experimental findings, the highest grain yield was obtained when 3.5-4.5 million/ha seeds were sown on September 5-15. While delaying sowing until October 5, the grain yield of winter rye decreased significantly.
Seed rate and sowing time influenced the productivity of winter rye: length of an ear, number of grains per ear, and plant height. Plant height reduced significantly at the sowing time September 25 and later. At the latest sowing time October 5 the content of total nitrogen significantly increased and the content of starch decreased in absolutely dry matter of grain.
Key words: winter rye, sowing time, seed rate, grain yield, content of nitrogen, content of starch, plant height.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë: Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 41-49
UDK 633. 14<324>:632.51:632.954
PLATAUS VEIKIMO HERBICIDØ PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBËS TETRAPLOIDINIØ RUGIØ RÛKAI PJÛÈIAI PAANKSTINTI IR PIKTÞOLËMS NAIKINTI
Ona AUÐKALNIENË, Albinas AUÐKALNIS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës i
nstitutasAkademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø r.
El. paðtas: albinas@lzi.lt
Santrauka
Tyrimai daryti Lietuvos þemdirbystës institute Dotnuvoje 1995-1997 metais. Bandymo tikslas iðtirti raundapo naudojimo galimybes rugiø brandai paankstinti ir piktþolëms naikinti. Raundapas naudotas þieminiø rugiø Rûkai pasëlyje likus apie 10 dienø iki pjûties, grûdø drëgmei esant 29-30 %.
Tyrimø duomenimis, rugius nupurðkus, kai jø grûdø drëgmë buvo 30 %, o oras buvo sausas ir ðiltas, javø branda nepaankstëjo, grûdø derlius nedidëjo. Herbicidas raundapas gerai naikino piktþoles. Trejø metø vidutiniais duomenimis, geriausiai piktþoles naikino raundapas, iðpurkðtas prieð rugiø pjûtá 4 l/ha norma. Piktþoliø skaièius sumaþëjo 90-97 %, o masë 94,5-97,9 %. Pakankama buvo
ir 3 l/ha norma, naudojama prieð pjûtá. Piktþoliø skaièius, nupurðkus ðia norma, sumaþëjo 85,5-92,2 %, o masë 92,2-94,7 %. Raundapo 2 l/ha norma buvo maþiau efektyvi piktþoliø masë sumaþëjo 83,6-87 %. Raundapo analogo glifoso 3 l/ha normos efektyvumas buvo panaðus, kaip tokios pat normos raundapo. Reglonas nebuvo veiksmingas daugiametëms piktþolëms. Po purðkimo ðiuo preparatu dalis piktþoliø nudþiûvo, bet praëjus dviems savaitëms, dygo naujos piktþolës.Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ţieminiai rugiai, raundapas,
glifosas, reglonas, derlius, daugiametës piktþolës, pjûtis.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scirentific articles, 2001, 75, 41-49
UDK 633. 14<324>:632.51:632.954
APPLICATION OF NON-SELECTIVE HERBICIDES TO HASTEN THE RIPENING OF WINTER RYE AND TO CONTROL THE WEEDS
O.Au
ðkalnienë, A.AuðkalnisSummary
Experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in Dotnuva over the period 1995-1997. The aim was to investigate the possibility of Roundup use to hasten the ripening of winter rye and
to control the weeds. Roundup was applied in the winter rye cv. Rûkai 10 days before harvesting, when moisture content in grain was 29-30 %.Experimental findings suggest that when Roundup had been applied 10 days before harvesting, at a grain moisture content of about 30 %, the herbicide had no effect on grain ripening and did not influence the grain yield in the prevailing dry and hot weather conditions. Roundup was effective in controlling the weeds. The best weed control over 3 years was obtained from 4.0 l/ha of Roundup applied pre-harvesting: the number of weeds decreased by 90-97 %, and mass by 94.5-97.9 %. 3.0 l/ha of Roundup applied pre-harvesting decreased the number of weeds by 85.5-92.2 %, and mass by 92.2-94.7 %. 2.0 l/ha of Roundup decreased the weed mass by 83.6-87 %. The efficacy of Glyfos was the same as that of Roundup. Reglon was ineffective against perennial weeds.
Key words: winter rye, Roundup, yield, perennial weeds, harvesting.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75
, 50-64UDK 633.853.494:581.14
ÞIEMINIØ IR VASARINIØ RAPSØ AUGIMO TARPSNIØ ANALIZË IR APIBÛDINIMAS
Irena BRAZAUSKIENË, Gvidas ÐIDLAUSKAS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas: brazausk@lzi.lt
Santrauka
R
emiantis tyrimø duomenimis bei stebëjimais, taip pat pasaulyje sukaupta patirtimi, straipsnyje aptariami charakteringiausi þieminiø ir vasariniø rapsø (Brassica napus) augimo tarpsniø poþymiai, pateikiamas jø trumpas apraðymas bei kodavimo sistema. Rapsø vegetacijos periodas yra suskirstytas á devynis pagrindinius augimo tarpsnius: sëklø dygimas ir daigai (0), lapø formavimasis (1), stiebo augimas (2), butonizacija (3), þydëjimas (4), ankðtarø vystymasis (5), sëklø brendimas (6), ankðtarø brendimas (7) ir stiebo dþiûvimas (8). Siekiant detaliau apibûdinti charakterizuojamus poþymius, pagrindiniai augimo tarpsniai yra dar suskirstyti á potarpsnius, trumpai aptariant jø pagrindinius skiriamuosius poþymius.Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ţieminiai ir vasariniai rapsai,
augimo tarpsniai, vegetacijos periodas.1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 50-64
UDK 633.853.494:581.14
ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF THE GROWTH STAGES OF WINTER AND SPRING OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS)
I. Brazauskienë, G. Ðidlauskas
Summary
According to the data collected and observations made as well as worldwide accumulated expertise the growth stages of winter and spring oilseed rape are discussed in the paper provided with a short description and code system. The vegetative growth period of winter and spring oilseed rape is divided into nine principal stages: germination and emergence (0), leaf production (1), stem elongation (2), flower bud development (3), flowering (4), pod development (5), seed development (6), pod (7) and stem (8) senescence. The principal stages are subdivided into secondary stages and a short description of each is given.
Key words: winter and spring oilseed rape, growing stages, period of vegetative growth.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001
, 75, 65-71UDK 633.491(063)
AUGIMO STIMULIATORIØ STILITØ FIZIOLOGINIO AKTYVUMO BEI POVEIKIO CUKRINIØ RUNKELIØ PRODUKTYVUMUI TYRIMAI
Elena JAKIENË, Vytautas MICKEVIÈIUS, Zigmuntas BERESNEVIÈIUS
Kauno technologijos universitetas
K. Donelaièio g.73, Kaun
asEl. paðtas: Vytautas.Mickevicius@ctf.ktu.lt
Santrauka
Tyrimai atlikti 1997-2000 metais Lietuvos þemës ûkio universiteto Genetikos ir biotechnologijos laboratorijoje.
Lauko bandymai daryti LÞÛU bandymø stotyje. Tirti Kauno technologijos universiteto Organinës chemijos katedroje susintetinti augimo stimuliatoriai stilitai, jø fiziologinis aktyvumas ir átaka cukriniø runkeliø derliui ir jo kokybei.
Stilitø fiziologinis aktyvumas, jø veikimo pobûdis ir átaka sëklø daigumui nustatyta laboratorinio skriningo metodu daiginant mieþiø grûdus 0,02 proc. koncentracijos tiriamø augimo stimuliatoriø tirpaluose. Atliekant lauko bandymus nustatytas stilitø poveikis cukriniø runkeliø daigø augimui, ilgesniam lapø asimiliacinio aktyvumo iðsaugojimui, ðakniavaisiø derli
ngumui ir cukringumui.Intensyvesnis cukriniø runkeliø augimas ir vystymasis vegetacijos pradþioje, didþiausio lapø asimiliacinio pavirðiaus iðsaugojimas skatino greitesná ðakniavaisiø masës didëjimà, asimiliacijos produktø kaupimà ðakniavaisyje bei cukring
umŕ.Nustatyta, kad apipurðkus cukriniø runkeliø daigus 0,05 proc. koncentracijos augimo stimuliatoriø stilitø tirpalais, cukriniø runkeliø derlingumas padidëja 9-12 t/ha, arba 15-20 proc., cukringumas 0,6-0,8 proc. bendrasis cukraus kiekis 2,3-2,6 t/h
a, arba 20-24 proc., palyginus su kontroliniu variantu.Reikđminiai ţodţiai: augimo stimuliatoriai stilitai, fiziologinis aktyvumas, cukriniai runkeliai, derlingumas, cukringumas.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 65-71
UDK 633.491(063)
INVESTIGATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GROWTH STIMULATORS STILITS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET
E.Jakienë, V.Mickevièius, Z.Beresnevièius
Summary
Growth stimulators stilits, synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, were tested. Investigation of their biological activity, influence on the productivity and quality of sugar beet was carried out by the method of laboratory screening at the Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997-2000. Sugar beet, variety Madison was grown. During the period of early vegetation sprouts of sugar beet were sprayed with the 0.05 % solution of growth regulators. It was determined that under their influence the productivity of sugar beet increased by 9-12 t/ha or by 15-20 %, sugar content in roots by 0.6-0.8 %, total yield of sugar was higher by 2.3-2.6 t/ha or by 21-24 % in comparison with the control.
Key words: growth stimulators stilits, physiological activity, sugar beet, productivity, sugar content.
Ø CHEMINË SUDËTIS
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 72-83
UDK 633.11< 324> :581.19:631.559
ÞIEMINIØ KVIEÈIØ VEISLIØ IR SELEKCINËS MEDÞIAGOS GRÛDØ KOKYBËS RODIKLIØ TARPUSAVIO PRIKLAUSOMUMAS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës insti
tutasAkademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas: brone@lzi.lt
Santrauka
Tyrimø tikslas nustatyti vienodomis dirvoþemio ir træðimo sàlygomis augintø þieminiø kvieèiø (
Triticum aestivum L.) grûdø kokybës septyniø rodikliø verèiø tarpusavio priklausomumà ir ryðá su grûdø derlingumu. Iðtirti 1992-1998 metais iðaugintø grûdø kokybës rodikliai: baltymø, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimo kiekis, sedimentacija, glitimo deformacijos indeksas, 1000 grûdø masë, natûrinis grûdø svoris.Kiekvienais metais viso
se þieminiø kvieèiø veisliø grupëse buvo vidutinio stiprumo arba stiprus tiesioginis ryðys, daþniausiai siekiantis 0,99 (P = 0,01) tikimybæ, tarp þaliø baltymø kiekio grûduose ir ðlapiojo bei sausojo glitimo kiekio grûduose ir miltuose verèiø. Ne kiekvienais metais ir ne visose bandiniø grupëse, bet labai daþnai pasireiðkia vidutinë arba stipri tiesioginë koreliacija tarp þaliø baltymø kiekio ir sedimentacijos. Sedimentacijos rodiklis tiesiogiai koreliavo su sausojo ir ðlapiojo glitimo kiekiu miltuose, bet ne kasmet. Koreliacija tarp sedimentacijos ir ðlapiojo glitimo kiekio verèiø grûduose pasireiðkë reèiau, palyginus su miltais.Kolekcijoje ir bandymuose augintø veisliø ir linijø grûdø glitimo kokybës netiesioginiu rodikliu laikytinas sedimentacijos rodiklis: aukðtesnës sedimentacijos grûdø glitimas buvo geresnës kokybës. Iðimtis veislës ið Centrinës ir Pietø Europos, kur ðio ryðio tikimybë në vienais metais nesiekë 0,95 (P = 0,05). Lietuviðkos veislës Ðirvinta 1 grûduose pasireiðkë vidutinë tiesioginë priklausomybë tarp sedimentacijos ir grûdø derlingumo, o kolekcijoje ir bandymuose ði priklausomybë turëjo atvirkðtinio ryðio tendencijà.
Reikðminiai þodþiai: þieminiø kvieèiø grûdai, kokybë, derlingumas, tiesinës koreliacijos koeficientai, veislës.
Chapter 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 72-83
UDK 633.11< 324> :581.19:631.559
STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CULTIVARS AND GRAIN QUALITY CHARACTERS OF WINTER WHEAT
A. Maðauskienë
Summary
The goal of the study was the investigation of seven characters of winter wheat grain quality, their interaction and correlation with the data of yield. In 1992-1998 winter wheat cultivars were grown at the uniform conditions of soil and fertilising. Quality indicators, such as crude protein, wet and dry gluten, gluten deformation index, sedimentation, thousand kernel weight and volume weight were investigated.
Every year in all investigated sets of cultivars and varieties the direct medium or strong correlation, significant at P = 0.01 was established between the total protein content of grain and wet or dry gluten content of whole meal or of flour. Not always, but very often the direct relationship was established between protein and sedimentation. The character of sedimentation had a direct relationship with the data of wet and dry gluten in grain, as well as in flour.
The value of sedimentation can be used for evaluation of gluten quality in the collection, new varieties and breeding lines sets: the higher sedimentation the better quality of gluten. Exception the set of cultivars from Central and Southern Europe. In this set relationship between the sedimentation value and quality of gluten was never significant at P = 0.05. In the trials of variety Ðirvinta 1 the direct medium correlation occured between sedimentation and grain yield, however in collection and trials this correlation tended to be reverse.
Key words: winter wheat, grain, quality, yield, coefficients of linear correlation, cultivars.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 84-96
UDK 633.11< 324> :631.526.32:581.19
ÞIEMINIØ KVIEÈIØ GRÛDØ KOKYBËS RODIKLIØ VARIACIJOS PRIKLAUSOMUMAS NUO VEISLËS IR METØ METEOROLOGINIØ SÀLYGØ
Audronë MAÐAUSKIENË, Vanda PAPLAUSKIENË, Vytautas RUZ
GASLietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas: lzeminst@lzi.lt
Santrauka
Iðtirta 1992-1998 metø derliaus þieminiø kvieèiø grûdø baltymingumo, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimo kiekio ir kokybës, sedimentacijos Zeleny ir Pumpianskio metodais, 1000 grûdø masës, natûrinio grûdø svorio ir derlingumo variacija, sàlygota metø meteorologiniø sàlygø ir kolekcijoje sukauptø veisliø bei linijø ávairovës.
Nustatyta, kad tarp tirtøjø rodikliø didþiausia variacija, iðreikðta variacijos koeficientais, pasiþymëjo sedimentacijos rodiklis, nepriklausomai nuo to, ar jis apskaièiuotas kolekcijoje augintø ávairiø veisliø ir linijø grupëse, ar lietuviðkos kilmës veislës Ðirvinta 1 ribose. Daug aukðtos sedimentacijos veisliø ir linijø
yra kilusios ið Rytø, Centrinës ir Pietø Europos, ir þemoka sedimentacija veisliø ið Ðiaurës Amerikos. Vidutinë variacija grûdø derlingumo, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimø bei baltymø kiekio. Maþiausia variacija pasiþymëjo natûrinis grûdø svoris.Reikđminiai ţ
odþiai: þieminiø kvieèiø grûdai, kokybë, derlingumas, variacija, veislës.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 84-96
UDK 633.11< 324> :631.526.32:581.19
VARIATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN EFFECTED BY CULTIVAR AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
A. Maðauskienë, V. Paplauskienë, V. Ruzgas
Summary
The variation of quality indicators such as total protein, wet and dry gluten, gluten index, sedimentation by Zeleny and Pumpiansky, 1000 kernel weight, hectoliter weight and yield were investigated in 1992-1998. The variation of grain quality depended on meteorological conditions and diversity of varieties and breeding lines.
The greatest variation coefficient had data of sedimentation, calculated either in group of the collection or within the boundaries of variety of Lithuanian origin Ðirvinta 1. The high level of sedimentation was in group of breeding lines and varieties from Eastern and Central and Southern Europe, low in North American group. The variation of grain yield, wet and dry gluten and protein was rather high. Hectoliter weight was distinguished by the smallest variation.
Key words: winter wheat, grain, quality, yield, variation, breeding lines.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai,
2001, 75, 97-109UDK 631.417.2:631.423.4
LIETUVOS ÞEMDIRBYSTËS INSTITUTE TAIKOMI HUMUSO KIEKIO IR KOKYBINËS SUDËTIES NUSTATYMO METODAI IR JØ ÁVERTINIMAS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë, Vilnius
El. paðtas:
vokefil@takas.ltLietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
alvyra@lzi.ltSantrauka
Straipsnyje apraðomi humuso kieki
o ir kokybinës sudëties nustatymo metodai, taikomi Lietuvos þemdirbystës institute, pateikiamas ðiø metodø ávertinimas.Humuso medþiagø atskirø frakcijø tirpumas yra nevienodas. Ponomariovos-Plotnikovos modifikuotu Tiurino metodu humuso medþiagos nustatomos silpnos koncentracijos rûgðèiø ir ðarmø iðtraukose: tiesioginëje 0,1 M NaOH, 0,05 M H
2SO4, 0,1 M NaOH po dirvoþemio dekalcinavimo ir 0,02 M NaOH kaitinant. Ðiuo metodu iðskiriamos trys huminiø rûgðèiø ir keturios fulvorûgðèiø frakcijos. Judriosios humuso medţiagos nustatomos đarminio natrio pirofosfato iđtraukoje Kononovos-Belèikovos metodu, labiliosios neutralaus natrio pirofosfato iđtraukoje.Atskirø iðtraukø sausoje liekanoje, taip pat ir dirvoþemyje organinës medþiagos oksidavimas atliekamas kalio b
ichromato tirpalu 20 min. kaitinant dţiovinimo spintoje 150-160 0C temperatûroje. Anglies kiekis nustatomas titrimetriniu ar spektrofotometriniu metodu. Naudojant spektrofotometriná anglies kiekio nustatymo metodà, padidëja analizës greitis. Spektrofotometriðkai atliekant didelá matavimo pakartojimø skaièiø analizës tikslumas siekia 0,4-1,5 %, kitais atvejais iki 4,4 %.Reikðminiai þodþiai: metodai, humusas, huminës rûgðtys, fulvorûgðtys, tirpikliai, iðtrauka.
Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 97-109
UDK 631.417.2:631.423
METHODS AND THEIR EVALUATION FOR DETERMINATION OF HUMUS CONTENT AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION ADAPTED AT LITHUANIAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE
V. Januðienë, A. Ðlepetienë
Summary
This article presents a description of methods and their estimation of humus content and qualitative composition adapted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture.
The solubility of different fractions of humus substances is diverse. According to Ponomariova-Plotnikova modified Tiurin method humic substances were established in diluted acid and alkaline extracts: in direct extract 0.1M NaOH, 0.05 M H2SO4, 0.1M NaOH after decalcination of soil and in 0.02 M NaOH by heating. By this method were established 3 fractions of humic acids and 4 fractions of fulvic acids. Mobile humus substances were established in alkaline sodium pyrophosphate extract according to the method of Kononova-Belcikova, labile in neutral sodium pyrophosphate extract.
In dry residue of extracts and in soil samples the oxidation of organic matter was provided by heating up to +150-160 0C using potassium dichromate solution for 20 min. The content of organic carbon was established by titrimetric or spectrophotometric method. Applying spectrophotometric method for a large number of measurements the precision of analysis reached 0.4-1.5 %, in other cases 4.4 %.
Key words: methods, humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, solvent, extract.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 110-124
UDK 631.417.2:631.42
HUMUSO IR ORGANINËS ANGLIES NUSTATYMAS DIRVOÞEMYJE PROGRAMUOJAMU DAUGIAKANALIU FOTOMETRU
MULTISKAN MSAlvyra ÐLEPETIENË, Bronislava BUTKUTË
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
alvyra@lzi.lt, brone@lzi.ltSantrauka
Tyrimais
parengta detali humuso ir organinës anglies fotometrinio nustatymo metodika prietaisu Multiskan MS. Prietaiso mikrokompiuteryje sukurta programa su duomenø apskaièiavimo metodu Point to Point, ágalinanèia absorbcijos dydþius iðreikðti humuso kiekiu dirvoþemyje (%). Tirta ðviesos bangos ilgio, mikrokanalëliø uþpildymo lygio, tirpalø praskiedimo, standartø serijos diapazono bei jø skaièiaus átaka humuso nustatymo tikslumui ir duomenø atkartojimui prietaisu Multiskan MS. Ið prietaise instaliuotø ðviesos filtrø tinkamiausias humusui ir humuso medþiagoms nustatyti buvo 620 nm bangos ilgio filtras. Naudojant ðá filtrà, tirpalø, gautø 0,8 g dirvoþemio svëriná po mineralizacijos praskiedþiant iki 50 ml, absorbcijos rodikliai buvo optimalûs. Didinant fotometruojamo tirpalo tûrá, maþëjo matavimo paklaida. Tyrimø eigoje palyginti duomenys, gauti titrimetriniu, ir spektrofotometriniais metodais fotometru Multiskan ir spektrofotometru 181 Hitachi UV-VIS). Pateikiami skirtingais metodais ávertintø humuso kiekio duomenø palyginimo statistiniai rodikliai, apskaièiuotos duomenis siejanèios regresijos lygtys ir determinacijos koeficientai. Fotometriðkai nustatytos reikðmës yra kiek didesnës negu titrimetriðkai. Geriausi statistiniai rodikliai gauti standartais naudojant mineralizuotø dirvoþemio bandiniø su þinomu humuso kiekiu tirpalus: R2 = 0,99, standartinë paklaida 0,27. Darbas daugiakanaliu fotometru turi daug privalumø: palengvina analitiko darbà, daro já saugesná, taupomi cheminiai reagentai, maþiau kanalizuojama vandens, didëja darbo naðumas, esant pakankamam analitinio darbo tikslumui, duomenys perskaièiuojami automatiðkai prietaiso mikrokompiuteryje sukurta programa. Nustatant humuso kieká daugiakanaliu fotometru Multiskan MS, sumaþëjo nustatymo savikaina, palyginus su titrimetriniu humuso nustatymu.Reikðminiai þodþiai: humusas, organinë anglis, nustatymo metodai,
Multiskan MS.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 110-124
UDK 631.417.2:631.42
DETERMINATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND ORGANIC CARBON IN SOIL BY THE USE OF PROGRAMMED MULTICHANNEL PHOTOMETER MULTISKAN MS
A. Ðlepetienë, B. Butkutë
Summary
The objective of our work was to adapt a multichannel photometer Multiskan for humus content determination, to elaborate methods, enabling reliable and accurate estimation of humus (organic carbon) content in various soil types, and giving satisfactory data repeatability with low inputs of labour and reagents. Investigation was carried out at the Analytical Laboratory of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 1999-2000. 0.1-0.8 g soil samples were poured-over with chromium mixture and heated by wet chemistry method according to Nikitin. Then the solution was diluted with water in 50-100 ml volumetric flasks, agitated and left to settle. Channels of the microplate used for photometry were filled with the solutions of analysed and standard series by an 8-channel automatic micropipette. Standard glucose solution (1 mg C/ml) was used. While preparing series of standards different amounts of this standard solution were evaporated and mineralised like soil samples. As standards we also used solutions of mineralised soil samples with known a
mounts of humus. Soils differing in humus content and humus fractional composition were used. In our experiments we used a photometer with built in filters which were the closest to the recommended ones λ = 450, 540, 620 nm. Absorption values obtained with 540 nm wavelenth filter were disproportionate to C concentration in solutions, and the results obtained with 450 nm filter were more variable due to inaccuracies related to different amount of chromium mixture used for humus oxidation, therefore we used 620 nm filter in our further work. In oder to achieve a high accuracy of analyses and measuring sensitivity of the solutions with small differences in the concentration, we have to obtain optical density as high as possible. Having increased the soil sample from 0.3 to 0.8 g and diluting in 50 ml volumetric flasks, absorption values increased to optimum. In the microcomputer of the instrument we developed the programme with the data calculation method Point to Point, enabling to express absorption values by the content of humus (or organic carbon) in the soil (%). We investigated the effect of the level of microchannels filling, dilution of solutions, range of series of standards and their number on humus determination accuracy and data repeatability by the instrument Multiskan MS. By increasing the volume of photometrically analysed solution, the error of measuring declined. Photometrically determined values were higher than those determined using titrimetric method, especially in the case of greater dilution. Satisfactory results were obtained when we included the standard with 20.67 % of humus in the set of standard solutions, and the best data were obtained in treatment using mineralised soil samples as standards: R2 = 0.99, standard error SEP-0.27. A good data repeatability was obtained using Multiskan MS. While analysing by photometric method the costs per sample analysis were twice as low as those of the classical titrimetric method.Key words: humus, organic carbon, methods of determination, photometer Multiskan MS.
ÞOLININKYSTË
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 125-141
UDK 633.2.032(254):633.263:633.32
TREJOPAI NAUDOJAMØ SVIDRINØ IR JØ MIÐINIØ SU DOBILAIS PRODUKTYVUMAS
Regina SKUODIENË, Nijolë DAUGËLIENË
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vëþaièiø
filialasVëþaièiai, Klaipëdos rajonas
El. paðtas: filialas@gargzdai.omnitel.net
Santrauka
Straipsnyje pateikiami 1996-1999 m. LÞI Vëþaièiø filiale darytø tyrimø duomenys apie lauko sëjomainoje ávairiai naudojamø svidrinø bei jø miðiniø su ankstyvaisiais raudonaisiais ir baltaisiais dobilais derlingumà ir paðarinæ vertæ bei ëdamumà.
Kombinuotai naudojami svidrinø þolynai derlingiausi (7,38 t/ha sausøjø medþiagø), ðienaujant gauta 0,55 t/ha, o ganant -
2,09-1,54 t/ha maţiau. Kombinuotai naudojant ir đienaujant produktyviausias buvo svidrinø ir raudonøjø dobilø miðinys (75,5 ir 68,0 GJ/ha), o ganant - svidrinø ir baltøjø dobilø miðinys (66,9 GJ/ha). Gryni svidrinai geriausiai derëjo ðienaujami ir kombinuotai naudojami (63,7 ir 70,5 GJ/ha). Svidrinai labiau stelbë baltuosius dobilus.Tarp sausøjø medþiagø ir virðkinamøjø proteinø derliaus, nepriklausomai nuo þolynø naudojimo, gautas stiprus (r = 0,89-0,98**) koreliacinis ryðys. Kombinuotai naudojamø þolynø ëdamumas buvo 90 %, o ganomø -
76 %.Reikđminiai ţod
þiai: svidrinai, þolynø naudojimas, botaninë sudëtis, derlius, paðarinë vertë.Chapter 4. GRASSLAND HUSBANDRY
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 125-141
UDK 633.2.032(254):633.263:633.32
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SWARDS FESTULOLIUM USAGE
R. Skuodienë, N. Daugëlienë
Summary
Experiments were carried out during 1996-1999 at the Vëþaièiai Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on a soddy podzolic medium podzolized (J
2v) light loam on medium heavy loam soil, with the following agrochemical characteristics: pHKCl - 5.8-6.2, available P2O5 and K2O - 206-310 and 261-546 mg/kg respectively. During the abovementioned period we investigated Festulolium swards which were differnt used and her influence on agrophytocenosis of spring wheat.In cut (3 cuts) and under mixed management (one cut and 2-3 grazings), the most productive are swards of Festulolium and Trifolium pratense. In these swards red clover accounts on average for 26.4 and 30.4 %. One hectare gives 7.31-7.96 t of dry matter yield or 68.0-75.5 GJ of metabolizable energy.
Under grazing management (4-6 grazings) the swards of Festulolium and Trifolium repens are the most productive. One hectare yields on average 5.76 t of dry matter or 66.9 GJ of metabolizable energy. In these swards white clover accounts for 27.5 %.
Pure Festulolium grass swards give high yields when cut and mixed-used. Under grazing management dry matter yield is by 1.59-1.79 t/ha or 6.7-13.5 GJ/ha lower.
The data of chemical composition showed that grazed grass had the highest protein content (15.7-18.4 % of crude protein). In grazed grass there was the highest content of crude fat (3.20-3.46 %) and the lowest content of crude fibre (21.8-24.6 %).
Cut and mixed-used swards contain small amount for crude protein (10.1-12.4 and 12.1-12.9 %) and high amount of crude fibre (26.2-29.1 %).
The highest content of crude ash (9.99-11.0 %) was found in grazed swards in whose composition contained highest content of undesirable potassium (3.57-3.82 %) and sufficient amount of phosphorus (0.42-0.45 %).
In cut swards there was enough of crude ash and potassium to meet the needs of high productivity cattle, however there was a shortage of phosphorus in the grass.
Digestibility of grazed grass is the best (71.6-74.5 %) at the stage of clover branching, and shooting of grasses. Digestibility of cut and mixed-used swards was slightly poorer at the beginning of clover flowering and ear emergence of grasses.
When grazing cattle at pasture maturity stage the intake of grass in mixed-used swards is 87-91 % and that in grazing swards - 73-80 %.
Key words: Festulolium, management systems, yield, botanical composition, nutritive value.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 142-154
UDK 633.322:663.2.033
BAL
TØJØ DOBILØ ATOLIAI SËKLOS NORMOS IR SANTYKIS SU VARPINËMIS ÞOLËMIS GANYKLOS ÞOLYNUOSE LENGVAME DIRVOÞEMYJELietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë, Vilnius
El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt
Santrauka
1992-1998 metais Vokës filiale velëniniame jauriniame silpnai pajaurëjusiame priesmëlio dirvoþemyje persëjamoje kultûrinëje ganykloje tirta baltøjø dobilø Atoliai (
Trifolium repens giganteum Lagr Fosset) sëklos normos ir ganyklinis miðinys, keièiant ankðtiniø ir varpiniø santyká, netræðiant bei træðiant azotu. Vidutinio ankstyvumo þolyno miðinyje buvo sëjami baltieji dobilai Atoliai, tikrieji eraièinai Dotnuva I, pievinës miglës Danga, raudonieji eraièinai Ðilis, vëlyvojo þolyno miðinyje paðariniai motiejukai Vëlenis, baltieji dobilai Atoliai, pievinës miglës Danga, raudonieji eraièinai Ðilis. Bandymuose 2 faktoriai: A baltøjø dobilø sëklos norma ir santykis su varpinëmis, kur baltøjø dobilø nuo 2 iki 4 kg/ha 100 % ûkinës vertës sëklos, sudaranèios nuo 20 iki 40 % viso miðinio. B faktorius træðimas, 1991 m. árengtuose bandymuose 1) N60P60K90 (N30 po I ir II ganymo) ir 2) N120P60K90 (N40 po I, II ir III ganymo), 1993 m. árengtuose bandymuose 1) P60K90 (be azoto), 2) N30P60K90 (N30 po II ganymo).Baltøjø dobilø sëklos norma bei viso miðinio norma maþai lemia, o træðimas azotu (N
30-60-120) maþina baltøjø dobilø kieká þolynuose. Baltøjø dobilø Atoliai gausiam paplitimui abiejuose þolynuose lemiamos átakos turëjo krituliø kiekis ir jø pasiskirstymas per vegetacijà (r = 0,78-0,82). Drëgnais metais baltøjø dobilø þolyne buvo 1,6-2,2 karto daugiau negu sausais. Abiejø brandø þolynuose atitinkamai gauta vidutiniðkai 4,49-4,78 ir 3,90-4,78 t/ha sausøjø medþiagø. Iðsëjus pusæ miðinio sëklos normos su 1,5 kg/ha baltøjø dobilø, sausøjø medþiagø derlius gautas maþesnis 4,32-4,54 ir 4,14-4,60 t/ha. Todël ganyklinius þolynus galima persëti ir sumaþinta sëklos norma: vidutinio ankstyvumo þolynams sëklos norma 7,4 kg/ha, vëlyviesiems 5,9 kg/ha (1,5 kg/ha baltøjø dobilø).Reikðminiai þodþiai: baltieji dobilai, varpinës þolës, sëklos norma ir santykis, azotas, vidutinio ankstyvumo þolynas, vëlyvas þolynas, botaninë sudëtis, sausøjø medþiagø derlius.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 142-154
UDK 633.322:633.2.033
WHITE CLOVER ATOLIAI SEED RATE AND RATIO WITH GRASSES FOR PASTURE SWARD ON A SOD PODZOLIC SANDY LOAM SOIL
R. Vaièiulytë
Summary
Experiments were carried out in 1992-1998 at the Vokë Branch in a resown cultivated pasture on a s
od podzolic weakly podzolized sandy loam and deeper lying gravel soil. We investigated the seed rate of the white clover Atoliai and of the total grassland mixture by changing legume/grass ratio. The experiment involved treatments with and without N fertilization.The seed mixture of the medium early sward consisted of Festuca pratensis Huds cv. Dotnuva I, Trifolium repens L. cv. Atoliai Poa pratensis L. cv. Danga and Festuca rubra L. cv. Ðilis, and the late sward consisted of Phleum pratense L. c
v. Vëlenis, Trifolium repens L. cv. Atoliai Poa pratensis L. cv. Danga and Festuca rubra L. cv. Ðilis. The trials were two-factorial. Treatments of factor A: seed rate of white clover from 2 to 4 kg ha, from 20 to 40 % of the total mixture. Treatments of factor B: P60K90 without nitrogen fertilizers and P60K90N30-60-120.Weather conditions had a vital influence r = 0.78-0.82 on the abundant spread of white clover Atoliai in the grassland sward. White clover seed rate and the total seed rate of the mixture had an insignificant effect, while N30-120 fertilization reduced white clover portion in swards. In wet years white clover portion in the sward was 1.57-2.11 times higher than in dry years. Medium early and late swards produced on average 4.49-4.78 t/ha and 3.90-4.70 t/ha of respectively dry matter. When half the rate mixture was sown with 1.5 kg/ha of white clover, the dry matter yield was lower 4.32-4.54 and 4.14-4.60 t/ha.
The experimental findings suggest that it is possible to resow pasture with reduced seed rates of the total mixture (7.4-5.4 kg/ha) and white clover (1.5 kg/ha).
Key words: white clover, grasses, seed rate, seed ratio, seed mixture, medium early sward, late sward, nitrogen, botanical composition, dry matter yield.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 155-168
UDK 633.322:663.2.033
ÁVAIRAUS ANKSTYVUMO ILGALAIKIAI ÞOLYNAI PRIESMËLIO DIRVOÞEMYJE
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë, Vilnius
El. paðtas: vokefil@takas lt
Santrauka
Bandymai atlikti LÞI Vokës filiale 1991-1998 m. velëniniame jauriniame priesmëlio dirvoþemyje (pagal FAO sekliai nepasotintas rudþemis) persëjamoje ganykloje. Tirti ankstyvøjø raudonøjø ir baltøjø dobilø bei margøjø liucernø ir baltøjø dobilø su varpinëmis þolëmis, taip pat vienø varpiniø þoliø miðiniai. Visi þolynai kasmet træðti P
90K90, miðiniai su ankðtinëmis þolëmis nuo II naudojimo metø dar ir N60, o vienø varpiniø kasmet N180. Pirma þolë pjauta, du atolai skirti ganiavai.Duomenys rodo, kad
ankðtiniø ir varpiniø þolynai, træðiami N60 ir netrãđiami azotu, pagal produktyvumà ir kokybæ maþai atsiliko nuo gausiai træðiamø azotu (N180) varpiniø þolynø.Norint árengti ar persëti ilgalaiká miðraus naudojimo (1 pjûtis ir 2 ganiavos) þolynà priesmëlio dirvoþemyje, reikia sudaryti ávairaus ankstyvumo ankðtiniø ir varpiniø bei varpiniø þoliø miðinius. Varpinius þolynus verta gausiai træðti azotu (N
180). Dobilø ir varpiniø miðinius (kol vyrauja dobilai) reikia træðti pagal galimybes (bent N60), o margøjø liucernø ir varpiniø miðiniø, kol vyrauja liucernos, azotu træðti neverta.Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ankđtiniai ir varpiniai ţolynai, varpiniai ţolynai, derlingumas.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 155-168
UDK 633.322.2.033
LONG-TERM SWARDS OF DIFFERENT EARLINESS ON SANDY LOAM SOILS
R. Vaièiulytë
Summary
The course of 1992-1998 tests studying the feeding value of grass obtained from different grass stands and their combinations were carried out at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuani
an Institute of Agriculture.Field tests were conducted on a soddy padzolic loamy sand laid with gravel. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as follows: 180 kg/ha of active ingredient to grasses and 60 kg/ha to legume-grass swards. During the first year of the investigation legume-grass swards did not received nitrogen fertilizers.
Thus, yield of legume-grass and sward grasses with introduction of nitrogen at the rate of 60 kg/ha and 180 kg/ha as regards its saturation with nutrient substances can be used for both for winter and summer feedind of productive herd.
The following grass species are recommended for establishing pastures on lowland log:
1. Early grass stands:
a) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 30 %, 20 % cocks foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) or awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.), red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.
b) cocks foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and awnless bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 40 % red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.
2. Medium late grass stands:
a) alfalfa, (Medicago varia Mart.) 40 % and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 20 %, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) or awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 20 %, red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %;
b) meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 40 %, red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.
Key words: grass mixture, legume, grasses, yield.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 169-181
UDK 633.2.03.004.69
KOKYBINIAI POKYÈIAI ÐIENAUJAMUOSE IR GANOMUOSE KALVØ ÞOLYNUOSE PAPILDOMAI ÁSËJANT ANKÐTINIØ ÞOLIØ
Lietuv
os þemdirbystës instituto Kaltinënø bandymø stotisKaltinënai, Ðilalës rajonas
El.paðtas: kaltbs@lzi.lt
Santrauka
1991-1997 m. tyrinëta senø varpiniø þolynø pavirðinio pagerinimo galimybës, ásëjant ankðtiniø þoliø. Þolës buvo ásëjamos naudojant javø-þoliø sëjamàjà su diskiniais noragëliais, taip pat specialià frezinæ þoliø ásëjimo á velënà sëjamàjà. Visi ásëjimo bûdai davë teigiamus rezultatus: gerëjo þolynø botaninë sudëtis ir sausøjø medþiagø derlius. Velëniniame jauriniame dirvoþemyje árengtas pievas
ir ganyklas, kuriose piktþolës sudaro 15-20 %, galima pagerinti, papildomai ásëjus raudonøjø dobilø-motiejukø bei baltøjø dobilø. Ankðtines þoles geriausia ásëti anksti pavasará diskiniais noragëliais sëjamàja maðina tiesiog á ganyklos velënà arba jà du kartus palëkðèiavus. Gerai tinka sëti ir specialiomis su freziniais noragëliais sëjamosiomis maðinomis.Reikðminiai þodþiai: kalvos, seni varpiniai þolynai, pavirðinis pagerinimas, diskinë sëjamoji, frezinë sëjamoji.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 169-181
UDK 633.2.03.004.69
QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN CUT AND GRAZED SWARDS ON HILLY SOILS WHEN OVERSOWING LEGUMES
D. Zableckienë
Summary
Over the period 1991-1997 at the Kaltinënai Research Station trials were carried out in the mead
ow of eight-nine and pasture of twelve-thirteen years of use with from 75 to 80 % of grasses and about 5 % of legumes and 21-25 % of forbs. The soil was sod podzolic loam with a slope inclination of 4-70. The seed rate of white clover Atoliai was 4 kg/ha in the pasture and of clover-timothy mixture in the meadow 6 kg/ha.White clover and clover-timothy mixture were sown in the pasture or meadow with a disk drill in spring and in autumn with a rototilling drill in spring in the disked pasture (in autumn) with a disk drill in spring and sown in autumn.
A more successful sowing in the meadow was attained when a disk drill and rototilling drill were used for the grass sowing in the spring. In this case the yield of dry matter was by 0.21-0.43 t/ha higher. In the pasture the highest yield increase of 0.81 t/ha of dry matter was obtained when white clover was sown in the pasture with a rototilling drill.
Additional sowing of clover-timothy mixture and white clover increased the amount of legumes. The highest content of legumes was found when clover-timothy mixture (in the meadow) was sown with a disk drill in spring and when white clover (in the pasture) was sown in the disked pasture with a disk drill.
During the first two years (in the meadow) of usage of the ley, the yield of grasses in the renovated treatment was the same as in the treatment where grasses were fertilised with nitrogen (N120). Later on, more productive ley was in the treatment dressed with nitrogen fertilisers.
Key words: hilly soils, old grass swards, reseeding of grasses, disk drill, rototilling drill.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 7
5, 182-196UDK 633.31:631.526.32
ÁVAIRIOS KILMËS LIUCERNØ VEISLIØ SAVYBËS GANANT IR PJAUNANT
Jonas GUTAUSKAS, Elena PETRAITYTË
Lietuvos
þemdirbystës institutasAkademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas: jonasgut@lzi.lt
Santrauka
Lauko bandymai daryti 1995-2000 m. Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Sëklininkystës ûkio Valinavos kultûrinëje ganykloje. Dirvoþemis glëjiðkasis rudþemis, vidutinio sunkumo priemolis. Darbo tikslas modelinio ûkio sàlygomis iðtirti ávairios kilmës liucernø auginimo galimybes, intensyviai naudojamose ganyklose bei pjaunamuose plotuose. Tirtos trys liucernø veislës: Þydrûnë, JAV sukurta speciali gany
kloms veislë Alfagraze ir pjaunamo tipo DK-122. Liucernø pasëta 3 ha. Pusë lauko pjauta (3 pjûtys), o kita pusë ganyta 4 kartus per sezonà. Træðta P60K60.Liucernø þolynai pasiþymëjo dideliu ir stabiliu produktyvumu. Ið tirtø veisliø liucernø pjaunant sausøjø medþiagø gauta 8,85-8,92 t/ha, ganant 8,30-9,17 t/ha. Ganant derlingiausios buvo liucernos DK-122: sausøjø medþiagø gauta 9,17 t/ha. Biologinio derliaus skirtumai tarp ávairios kilmës liucernø veisliø pjaunant buvo neþymûs. Pjaunant lietuviðko
s liucernos Þydrûnë I ir II, o ganant I naudojimo metais buvo derlingesnës negu JAV iðvestos veislës. Dël intensyvios ganiavos liucernø Þydrûnë ir Alfagraze þolynø biomasës sausøjø medþiagø derlius turëjo tendencijà maþëti.Tyrimø duomenys rodo, kad nuo skirtingo liucernø þolynø naudojimo reþimo labai priklausë þolynø botaninë sudëtis bei þaliø proteinø kiekis þolës derliuje. Tyrimø laikotarpiu liucernø biomasës dalis sausøjø medþiagø derliuje svyravo tarp 69,3 ir 77,5 %. Tirtø veisliø liucernos pirm
uosius trejus naudojimo metus pasiþymëjo stelbiamàja galia ávairiaþoliø pjaunant buvo nuo 2,4 iki 11,4 %, ganant 4,4-14,3 %.Skirtumø tarp ávairios kilmës liucernø biomasës cheminës sudëties nenustatyta. Ganykliniø liucernø biomasë buvo maistingesnë.
Reikðminiai þodþiai: liucernos, veislës, ganymas, pjovimas, sausøjø medþiagø derlius, botaninë sudëtis, biomasë.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 182-196
UDK 633.31:631.526.32
COMPARISON OF LUCERNE VARIETIES DIFFERING IN ORIGIN IN THE SWARDS FOR GRAZING AND CUTTING
J. Gutauskas, E. Petraitytë
Summary
Experiments were carried out on the Lithuanian Institute of Agricultures Valinava cultivated pasture during 1995-2000 on a sod gleyic, podzolized light loam. The aim of this stu
dy was to compare the performance of lucerne grass swards under grazing and cutting managements. Three lucerne varieties were investigated Þydrûnë, DK-122 and Alfagraze in the conditions of intensive grazing and conventional cutting regimes. The experimental area was grazed 4 times with a herd of dairy cows and cut for silage 3 times per season. Fertilisation background was P60K60.Alfalfa swards guarantee a high and stable productivity. In the conditions of intensive grazing 8.30-9.17 t DM/ha and cutting regimes 8.85-8.92 t DM/ha without N application. Lucerne varieties differing in origin had only an insignificant effect on the DM yield under cutting regime. Under grazing management the DM yield and productivity of DK-122 9.17 t/ha was higher than
that of the other lucerne varieties. Four years findings showed that the Lithuanian variety Þydrûnë produced on average 8.57-8.85 t/ha DM yield under grazing and cutting management. There were no significant differences between the two management systems. Þydrûnë surpassed the American variety Alfagraze in terms of persistence in the sward and its portion in DM yield both under grazing and cutting regimes in the first and second year of pasture utilization.The results show that the cutting and grazing systems had a significant effect on the botanical composition and crude protein content of herbage mass. The proportion of lucerne in the swards remained at a high level throughout the experimental period. The average annual lucerne proportion was 69.3-77.5 % on the DM basis in the four consecutive years.
In lucerne swards for grazing a slight thinning out of lucerne plants was observed. All lucerne varieties demonstrated a high competitive capacity. The sward was not heavily infested with weeds. Forbs accounted for 8.3-9.2 % in the part of sward devoted to cutting.
Key words: lucerne, varieties, grazing, cutting, DM yield, botanical composition.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 197-205
UDK 633.13:631.527
NAUJØ AVIÞØ LINIJØ 1313-137 ir 1313-100 TYRIMAS
Alfredas KULIKAUSKAS, Jûratë SPRAINAITIENË
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El paðtas:
romas@lzi.ltSantrauka
Aviþø selekcinës linijos 1313-137 ir 1313-100 sukurtos tarpveislinës hibridizacijos metodu sukryþminus vietinës selekcijos numerá 1172-2 su olandiðka veisle Dula.
Sukryþminta 1987 m., individinë atranka padaryta 1989 metais. 1994-1997 metais ðios linijos buvo tiriamos konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose ir rezultatai gauti teigiami. 1998 m. linijos buvo perduotos Valstybiniam augalø veisliø tyrimo centrui.
Ketveriø metø bandymø duomenimis, konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose linijos 1313-137 grûdø derlius uþ standartinës veislës Jaugila derliø buvo didesnis 0,19 t/ha. Standartinës veislës vidutinis derlius 4,11 t/ha. Linija 1313-137 atspari iðgulimui, jos grûdai stambesni uþ veislës Jaugila. Kadangi naujosios linijos grûdai stambesni (1000-èio grûdø masë 32,4 g
) ir riebalø juose maþiau (5,3 %), labiau tinka maisto produktø gamybai.Linija 1313-137 priklauso aurea
varietetui. Augalø aukðtis 90-105 cm, ðluotelës 14-18 cm ilgio, skëstaðakës, ðakelës pusiau staèios, varpelës nukaræ.2001 m. linija 1313-137 pavadint
a Migla ir áraðyta á Tinkamiausiø Lietuvoje auginti augalø veisliø sàraðà.Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcinë linija, tarpveislinë hibridizacija, konkursiniai veisliø bandymai.
Chapter 5. PLANT BREEDING
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 197-205
UDK 633.13:631.527
THE STUDY OF NEW OAT LINES 1313-137 AND 1313-100
A. Kulikauskas, J. Sprainaitienë
Summary
The new lines 1313-137 and 1313-100 were created by the method of intervarietal crossing of the breeding line 1172-2 and variety Dula (Netherlands). They were crossed in 1987. Over the period 1994-1997 they showed good results in the competitive variety trials and in 1998 were transmitted to the Lithuanian State Variety Testing Center. Breeding line 1313-137 produced the highest average yield according to the data over 1994-1997 and out-yielded the standard variety Jaugila by 0.19 t/ha. The line 1313-137 is resistant to lodging, and its thousand kernel weight is higher than in the standard variety Jaugila. The new line is more suitable to human consumption, because the fat percentage is lower and grains are larger.
Line 1313-137 belongs to aurea variety. Plant height is 90-105 cm, panicles equilateral, length 14-18 cm, attitude of branches semi-erect, attitude of spikelets pendulous.
In 2001 the breeding line 1313-137 was registered in Lithuania as a cultivar Migla.
Key words: breeding line, intervarietal crossing, competitive trials.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 206-214
UDK 633.521:631.523
PLUOÐTINIØ LINØ SELEKCIJOS PASIEKIMAI
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Upytës bandymø stotis
Upytë, Panevëþio rajonas
El. paðtas:
lzi.upyte@post.omnitel.netSantrauka
Pluoðtiniø linø selekcija Lietuvoje pradëta 1922 m. ásteigus Dotnuvos selekcijos stotá. Selekcijos darbo pradþioje veislës kurtos individualios atrankos metodu. 1932 m. pradëta taikyti tarpveislinë hibridizacija. 1941 m. ásteigiama Savitiðkio linininkystës bandymø stotis, kur linø selekcija vykdyta iki 1964 m., o nuo 1965 m. iki dabar Upytës bandymø stotyje. 1971 m. pradëtas taikyti eksperimentinës mutagenezës metodas. Nuo selekcinio darbo pradþios iki dabar
Lietuvoje sukurta 18 naujø pluoðtiniø linø veisliø, ið kuriø sëkla platinta: iki 1950 m. Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai I ir Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai II, 1950-1977 m. Vaiþgantas, 1987-1998 m. Upytë 2. Dabar Lietuvoje registruotos trys lietuviðkos linø veislës: Baltuèiai (sukurta eksperimentinës mutagenezës metodu) nuo 1991 m., Vega 2 nuo 1997 m. ir Kastyèiai nuo 2000 m., abi sukurtos tarpveislinës hibridizacijos ir individualios atrankos metodais.Reikđminiai ţodţiai: pluođtiniai linai, selekcija,
veislës, metodai, stiebeliai, sëmenys, pluoðtas.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 206-214
UDK 633.521 : 631.523
ACHIEVEMENTS IN FIBRE FLAX BREEDING
K. Baèelis
Summary
Fibre flax breeding in Lithuania was started at the Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station in 1922. The main method used for fibre flax breeding was individual selection. The method of intervarietal hybridisation has been used since 1932. Flax breeding was carried out at the Savitiðkis Experimental Station from 1941 to 1964, and since 1965 it has been continued at the Upyte Experimental Station. Since 1971 experimental mutagenesis method has been used in flax breeding. Since the beginning of flax breeding in Lithuania 18 varieties of fibre flax have been bred, and the se
ed of the following varieties was widespread: of Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai I and Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai II till 1950, of Vaiþgantas in 1950-1977, of Upytë 2 in 1987-1998. At present three varieties of the Lithuanian origin are registered in Lithuania: Baltuèiai (bred by the method of experimental mutagenesis) since 1991, Vega 2 since 1997, and Kastyèiai since 2000. The last two varieties were bred using the methods of intervarietal hybridisation and individual selection.Key words: fibre flax, breeding, variety, methods, stem, linseed, fibre.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 7
5, 215-220UDK 633.367.1
PAÐARINIØ GELTONÞIEDÞIØ LUBINØ VEISLË VILÈIAI
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë,
VilniusEl. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt
Santrauka
Geltonþiedþiø paðariniø lubinø veislë Vilèiai sukurta tarpveislinio kryþminimo metodu 1985 m. sukryþminus veisles Universal su Kastryènik. 1986-1996 m. veislë Vilèiai perëjo visus selekcinio proceso etapus. Tai ankstyva, atspari fuzariozei ir iðgulimui veislë.
Vidutiniais konkursiniø bandymø duomenimis, veislë Vilèiai sëklø derliumi lenkia registruotà veislæ Kastryènik 0,3 t/ha. Priklausomai nuo meteorologiniø sàlygø, 1000 sëklø masë svyruoja nuo 96,8 iki 118,7 gramo, proteinø kiekis sëklose nuo 43,5 iki 44,1 %. Sëklose esantis alkaloidø kiekis nëra didesnis uþ leidþiamà, sëklos tinka paðarams gaminti kaip koncentruotas baltyminis priedas.
Paðariniø geltonþiedþiø lubinø veislë Vilèiai tirta Valstybiniame augalø veisliø tyrimo centre 1996 ir 1998-2000 metais. 2001 m. veislë Vilèiai registruota Lietuvoje.
Reikðminiai þodþiai: geltonþiedþiai paðariniai lubinai, selekcija, tarpveislinis kryþminimas, individinë atranka, hibridas, veislë.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 215-220
UDK 633.367.1
YELLOW-FODDER LUPINE VARIETY VILÈIAI
Z. Maknickienë
Summary
The yellow-fodder lupine variety Vilèiai was bred in 1985-1996 at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of A
griculture by intercrossing two Byelorussian varieties Universal x Kastryènik and applying individual selection of progeny.Vilèiai is a high yielding, early, resistant to the fusarium wilt and lodging variety. The data of competitive trials shows that the variety Vilèiai exceeds the standard variety Kastryènik by 0.3 t/ha in seed yield. According to the meteorological conditions weight of 1000 seeds fluctuates from 96.8 up to 118.7 g, and protein content from 43.5 up to 44.1 %. Vilèiai may be
used for fodder because of low amount of alkaloids in seeds.Yellow fodder lupine variety Vilèiai was on the official trials in 1996 and 1998-2000 years. That variety was registered in Lithuania in 2001.
Key words: yellow-fodder lupine, breeding, intervarietal hybridization, individual selection, variety.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 221-225
UDK 633.367.1
PAÐARINIØ GELTONÞIEDÞIØ LUBINØ VEISLË TRAKIAI
Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë,
Vilniaus rajonasEl. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt
Santrauka
Geltonþiedþiø paðariniø lubinø veislë Trakiai sukurta tarpveislinio kryþminimo metodu, sukryþminus veislæ Universal su veisle Akademièeskij-1. Nuo 1986 iki 1994 metø veislë Trakiai perëjo vi
sus selekcinio proceso etapus.Vidutiniais konkursiniø veisliø bandymø duomenimis, sëklø derliumi veislë Trakiai lenkia rajonuotà veislæ Kastryènik 0,15 t/ha. Priklausomai nuo meteorologiniø sàlygø, 1000 sëklø masë svyruoja nuo 104,0 g iki 142,0 gramø, proteinø kiekis sëklose nuo 37,6 iki 47,2 %. Alkaloidø maþai ir sëklose, ir þalioje masëje. Tai ankstyva, atspari fuzariozei ir iðgulimui veislë. Ðios veislës lubinai tinka paðarui bet kokiu pavidalu.
Reikđminiai ţodţiai: geltonţiedţiai pađariniai lubi
nai, selekcija, individinë atranka, veislë.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 221-225
UDK 633.367.1
YELLOW-FODDER LUPINE VARIETY TRAKIAI
Z. Maknickienë
Summary
The yellow-fodder lupine variety Trakiai was bred in 1985-1994
at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture by intercrossing two Byelorussian varieties Universal x Akademièeskij 1 and applying individual selection of progeny.Trakiai is a high yielding, early, resistant to the fusarium wilt and
lodging variety. The data of competitive trials shows that Trakiai exceeds the standard variety Kastryènik by 0.15 t/ha in seed yield. According to the meteorological conditions weight of 1000 seeds fluctuates from 104.4 up to 142.0 g and protein content from 37.6 up to 47.2 %. Amount of alkaloids in seeds and in green mass is low. Trakiai may be used for fodder.Key words: yellow-fodder lupine, breeding, intervarietal hybridization individual selection, variety.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo
darbai, 2001, 75, 226-237UDK 633.265:631.527
NAUJØ DAUGIAMEÈIØ SVIDRIØ VEISLIØ KÛRIMAS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
selekcentras@lzi.ltSantrauka
1990-1999 metø laikotarpiu ávairiuose selekciniuose augynuose tirta 9175 veislës bei numeriai, ið jø 2646 veisliø bandymuose, sukurti 1063 nauji selekciniai numeriai, registruotos trys naujos veislës: daugiameèiø svidriø Sodrë ir Þvilgë bei tarpveisliniø hibridø
Festulolium veislë Punia.Geriausi rezultatai 1990-1999 m. konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose buvo gauti ið numeriø, sukurtø 1984-1985 metais. Taigi daugeliu atveju nuo daugiameèiø svidriø selekcinio numerio sukûrimo iki jo galutinio ávertinimo praeina 10-15 metø.
Ið per ðá deðimtmetá (1990-1999 m.) sukurtø naujø selekciniø numeriø tik nedaugelis buvo tirti konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose, ðiek tiek daugiau jø buvo tirta pradiniuose veisliø bandymuose. Tai dël to, kad dauguma naujai sukurtø numeriø dar neperëjo visø selekcinio darbo grandþiø ir veisliø bandymams dar neatëjo laikas. Taèiau tikimasi, kad netolimoje ateityje ið 1990-1999 m. sukurtø selekciniø numeriø atsiras ne vienas derlingas ir kitomis naudingomis ûkinëmis sav
ybëmis pasiþymintis daugiameèiø svidriø perspektyvinis numeris.1999 metais Valstybiniam augalø veisliø tyrimui perduotas naujas perspektyvus numeris 1429, kuris, 1996-1997 metø konkursiniø veisliø bandymø duomenimis, sausøjø medþiagø derliumi virðijo ne tik senà veislæ Veja, bet ir naujas veisles Sodrë bei Þvilgë. Nr.1429 buvo atsparesnis ligoms uþ visas registruotas lietuviðkas veisles.
2001 metais Valstybiniam veisliø tyrimui numatoma perduoti labai derlingà, gerai þiemojantá, turintá gerà virðkinamumà, gerai po pjûèiø atþeliantá perspektyviná numerá 1509.
Reikðminiai þodþiai: daugiametës svidrës, selekciniai numeriai, veislës, þiemojimas.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 226-237
UDK 633.265:631.527
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
S. Nekroðas
Summary
Over the period 1990-1999 in different breeding nurseries 9175 cultivars and breeding numbers, 2646 of them in variety testing trials were evaluated. 1063 new breeding numbers were developed, three new cu
ltivars of perennial ryegrass Sodrë and Þvilgë and intergeneric hybrid Punia were registered.Over the period 1990-1999 the best performance in the yield trials was shown by the breeding numbers developed in 1984-1985. So in most cases 10-15 years pass from the development of a breeding number till releasing of a new cultivar.
Of the new breeding numbers developed over the period 1990-1999 only some of them were tested in the yield trials and a little bit more in the initial variety testing trials.
That was because most of the developed breeding numbers did not pass all the breeding stages and did not reach the variety testing trials. We believe that in the nearest future some promising numbers, distinguishing themselves by high yielding capacity and other valuable characters, developed over 1990-1999 period, will be developed.
The new promising number 1429 was passed on to the State Variety Testing Centre in 1999. According to the yield trials it outyielded not only the old cultivar Veja, but also th
e new cultivars Sodrë and Þvilgë. The number 1429 is characterized by a better disease resistance compared to all the registered Lithuanian cultivars.The new very high yielding, promising number 1509 will be passed on to the State Variety Testing in 2001.
Key words: perennial ryegrass, breeding numbers, cultivars, winterhardiness.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 238-248
UDK 633.264:631.527
POLIPLOIDIJOS METODAI BEI LAUKINIØ EKOTIPØ ATRANKA SELEKCIONUOJANT TIKRUOSIUS ERAIÈINUS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
selekcentras@lzi.ltSantrauka
Ðiuo metu Lietuvoje yra auginamos dvi selekcininkø sukurtos tikrøjø eraièinø veislës: Dotnuva I ir Kaita. Abi jos yra ankstyvos, dël to nelabai tinka miðiniams su ankðtinëmis þolëmis. Vienas ið svarbiausiø uþdaviniø yra sukurti vëlyvas ir kartu derlingas tikrøjø eraièinø veisles. Taèiau tai padaryti yra labai sunku, nes natûral
iai gamtoje auganèiø tikrøjø eraièinø ankstyvumas svyruoja tik apie savaitæ, o vëlyvi numeriai paprastai pasiþymi menku derliumi. Derlingos ir skirtingà vystymosi ritmà turinèios pradinës medþiagos paieðka yra labai svarbu selekcionuojant ðiuos augalus.199
6-2000 m. laukiniams ir sulaukëjusiems tikriesiems eraièinams rinkti buvo suorganizuota 10 ekspedicijø skirtingø Lietuvos regionø ávairiose geografinëse vietovëse, kur nuo neatmenamø laikø nevykdoma jokia þmogaus veikla. Ekspedicijø metu surinkta 119 laukiniø bei sulaukëjusiø tikrøjø eraièinø numeriø. Surinkti numeriai kruopðèiai iðtirti ir ávertinti pagal 18 poþymiø. Geriausi ið jø yra arba bus naudojami selekciniame darbe kaip vertinga pradinë medþiaga.1996-2000 m. poliploidijos metodu buvo sukurti 542 t
etraploidiniai tikrøjø eraièinø numeriai. Pradiniuose veisliø bandymuose derlingumu iðsiskyrë 740-23 ir 740-25 numeriai, kurie sausøjø medþiagø derliumi lenkë diploidiná standartà Dotnuva I atitinkamai 16,4 bei 18,9 %. Ðie numeriai toliau bus tiriami konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose bei naudojami kaip vertinga selekcinë medþiaga kryþminimams.Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcija, tikrieji eraièinai, poliploidija, laukiniø ekotipø atranka.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 238-248
UDK 633.264:631.527
APPLICATION OF POLIPLOIDY AND WILD ECOTYPES SELECTION METHODS IN BREEDING OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS HUDS)
J. Kanapeckas
Summary
Two Lithuanian bred meadow fescue varieties Dotnuva I and Kaita are cultivated in Lithuania at the present time. Because of their earliness both varieties are less suitable for growing in mixtures with legumes. Therefore, there is as a need to develop late ripening high yielding meadow fescue varieties. The date of maturity of wild forms of meadow fescue differs only in a week, the late maturing numbers appear to be of low productivity. Therefore search of high yielding initial material, characterized by variable growth and development period is of great importance in breeding.
During the period of 1996-2000, ten expeditions were organized to collect semi-natural and wild ecotypes of meadow fescue in natural habitats of different parts of Lithuania, where they were not influenced by mans activity. Over this period 119 semi-natural and wild ecotypes of meadow fescue were collected. They were evaluated by estimating 18 characters. Promising ecotypes are used now as valuable breeding material in the creation of new cultivars.
542 meadow fescue tetraploids were created by the method of polyploidy in 1996-2000. In the initial variety trials high yielding ecotypes were 740-23 and 740-25. Their dry matter yield was by 16.4 and 18.9 percent higher as compared with the standard Dotnuva I. These ecotypes will be tested further in the competitive variety trials and will be used as valuable breeding material for crossing.
Key words: breeding, meadow fescue, polyploidy, wild ecotypes selection.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 249-261
UDK 633.2/.3:635.928:631.527
VEJØ ÞOLIØ SELEKCIJA L
IETUVOJEJuozas KANAPECKAS, Juozas MOCKAITIS
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas:
selekcentras@lzi.ltSantrauka
Pagrindiniø vejø þoliø pieviniø migliø (
Poa pratensis L.), raudonøjø eraièinø (Festuca rubra L.) bei paprastøjø smilgø (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) selekcija buvo pradëta 1982 metais. Vëliau nedidele apimtimi buvo selekcionuojami aviniai eraièinai (Festuca ovina L.), daugiametës svidrës (Lolium perenne L.) ir kitos varpinës þolës. Daugiausia buvo dirbama su pradine selekcine medþiaga, gauta ið Rusijos augalininkystës instituto ir kitø mokslo ástaigø. Ðiuo metu pradinës selekcinës medþiagos pagrindà sudaro daugiameèiø varpiniø þoliø laukiniai ekotipai, surinkti ekspedicijø metu ávairiose Lietuvos vietovëse. Ið 176 natûraliø augimvieèiø buvo surinkta 339 daugiameèiø varpiniø þoliø laukiniai ekotipai. Nustatyta, kad dalis surinktø vietiniø laukiniø ekotipø iðsiskyrë didele morfologiniø poþymiø ávairove ir buvo naudojami kaip pradinë selekcinë medþiaga vejø þoliø veislëms sukurti. Tokiu bûdu buvo atrinkti perspektyvûs pieviniø migliø numeriai 1002 (Lygutë), 1054, 1075, 1076 ir raudonøjø eraièinø numeris 24.Ið Rusijos augalininkystës instituto bei Maskvos centrinio botanikos sodo gautø pavyzdþiø buvo sukurtas perspektyvus pieviniø migliø Nr.975, aviniø eraièinø Nr.30 ir paprastøjø smilgø Nr.118. Be to, ið pieviniø migliø perspektyvaus selekcinio Nr.975 radiacinës mutagenezës metodu sukurtas perspektyvus Nr.109
6.Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcija, vejø þolës, vietiniai laukiniai ekotipai, atranka, perspektyvûs selekciniai numeriai.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 249-261
UDK 633.2/.3:635.928:631.527
TURF GRASSES BREEDING IN LITHUANIA
J. Kanapeckas, J. Mockaitis
Summary
Breeding work with the major turf grass species meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and browntop bent (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) was started in 1982. Later some of the breeding work was concentrated on hard fescue (Festuca ovina L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and other species.
At the beginning of the work the initial material for turf grass breeding was got from Russian N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant and other institutes. Lately, wild ecotypes of local origin have been used more widely in turf grass breeding programme; 339 samples were collected, during the expeditions to 176 different natural habitats in Lithuania.
The investigation showed that part of wild ecotypes of turf grasses collected in the period of 1994-2000 in various natural habitats were characterised by a great variation of morphological qualities within the genus and were used as initial breeding material for the creation of new turf grass.
As a result
some perspective meadow grass N 1002 (Lygutë), N 1054, N 1075, N 1076 and red fescue N 24 were selected. Perspective numbers of turf grass species, such as meadow grass N 975, hard fescue N 30 and browntop bent N 118 were created from material, that was got from Russian Institute of Plant Science and Moscow Central Botanical Gardens. Besides, applying radiation mutagenesis from initial selected N 975 was created perspective meadow grass N 1096.Key vords: breeding, turf grass, local wild ecotypes, selection, perspective breeders lines.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 262-270
UDK 633.491:631.527
ATSPARIØ ÁVAIRIEMS PATOGENAMS BULVIØ SELEKCIJA
Raţukas, Juozas JundulasLietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas
Trakø Vokë, Vilnius
El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt
Santrauka
Lietuvoje bulviø selekcija ir naujø veisliø pradinë sëklininkystë atliekama Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filiale. Pagrindinis bulviø selekcijos darbo objektas iðvesti ankstyvas, produktyvias veisles, turinèias kompleksiná atsparumà patogenams ir ligoms. Selekciniame procese sukurtos bulviø veislës yra atsparios vëþiui (
Synchtrium endobioticum Schilb.) ir R01 nematodø (Globodera rostochiensis) patotipui. Kiti privalumai, kaip didelis atsparumas grybinëms, bakterinëms ligoms bei virusams, yra vieni svarbiausiø vykdant lietuviðkø bulviø selekcijà.Reikðminiai þodþiai: bulvës, bulviø selekcija, atsparumas nematodams ir ligoms.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 262-270
UDK 633.491:631.527
POTATO BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT PATOGENS
A. Raţukas, J. Jundulas
Summary
Potato breeding and initial seed production of new cultivars in Lithuania is perfomed at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. The key objective in potato breeding is to create high
yielding, early or medium early potato cultivars.The newly developed potato varities are resistant to wart disease and RO1 patotype of nematodes. The other advantages such as high resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses are given a high priority too in Lithuanian potato breeding.
Key words: potatoes, potato breeding, resistance to nematodes and diseases.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 271-278
UDK 631.531.01:631.563]:631.523
ILGALAIKIS SËKLØ SAUGOJIMAS LIETUVOS AUGALØ GENØ BANKE
Alma BÛDVYTYTË, Zita KERÐULIENË
Nacionalinis augalø genetiniø iðtekliø koordinavimo centras
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institu
tasAkademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El.paðtas: almabud@lzi.lt
Santrauka
Lietuvos augalø genø banke ilgalaikëmis saugojimo sàlygomis laikoma 55 augalø rûðiø 1033 genetiðkai skirtingø pavyzdþiø sëkla. Ávertinus pradiná sëklø daigumà, kurá jos turëjo prieð ultradesikacijà ir uþðaldymà, taip pat galutiná daigumà po vieneriø metø laikymo esant -18
0C temperatûrai, buvo nustatyta, kaip ilgalaikës saugojimo sàlygos veikia varpiniø bei ankðtiniø javø, paðariniø þoliø sëklø gyvybingumà, kaip pakinta ramybëje esanèiø sëklø kiekis, kokià átakà gyvybingumo iðsilaikymui daro augalo genetinës savybës ir klimatinës augimo sàlygos. Rezultatai patvirtino prielaidà, kad skirtingais metais subrendusi, taip pat skirtingø genotipø sëkla nevienodai toleravo ultradesikacijà ir ðaldymà. Dideli sëklø daigumo pokyèiai vyko ne tik rûðies, bet ir vidurûðiniame lygmenyje. Fizikiniam ramybës periodui ultradesikuotos sëklos ðaldymas pastebimos átakos nepadarë.Reikðminiai þodþiai: augalø sëklø genø bankas, ilgalaikës saugoj
imo sŕlygos.ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 271-278
UDK 631.531.01:631.563]:631.523
LONG TERM SEED STORAGE IN THE LITHUANIAN PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES GENE BANK
A. Bûdvytytë, Z. Kerðulienë
Summary
1033 accessions of 55 species are conserved in the long term seed storage in the Lithuanian genebank. After a year of conservation in such conditions some alterations in seed germination and viability were determined. We estimated tolerance of cereals, pulses, forage and legume grasses to ultradessication and storage in the sub zero temperatures, and effect of long term storage conditions on the break of dormancy. Extent of decrease or increase of germinated seeds number varied among species after one years storage in the genebank. However, it also depended on harvest year and on intraspecific variation. Ultradessication and storage in the freezers did not cause any significant changes in seeds physical dormancy in comparison with seed samples held in short term storage conditions.
Key words: Gene bank of plant genetic resources, long-term storage conditions.
ISSN 1392-3196
Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 200
1, 75, 279-288UDK 633.16:631.527
VASARINIØ MIEÞIØ KOLEKCINËS MEDÞIAGOS ATSPARUMAS LIGOMS
Povilas PETRAUSKAS, Algë LEISTRUMAITË
Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas
Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas
El. paðtas: alge@lzi.lt
Santrauka
1993-1999 m. tirtas 672 vasariniø mieþiø veisliø ligotumas Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Javø selekcijos skyriaus kolekciniame augyne, provokaciniame fone bei dirbtinai inokuliuojant dulkanèiosiomis kûlëmis. Registruotas rudadëmës (
Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.), juostuotosios dryþligës (Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.) Shoem.), tinkliðkosios dryþligës (Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem.), rinchosporiozës (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis, Owen), septoriozës (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria hordei Jaccz.), miltligës (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Marchal), smulkiøjø rûdþiø (Puccinia hordei Otth.), juodøjø rûdþiø (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. hordei Erikss. et P. Henn.) iðsivystymas ir dulkanèiøjø kûliø (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw.) paplitimas. Atrinktos kiekvienai ligai atspariausios veislës. Kelioms ligoms santykinai atsparios ir derlingos veislës Flika (Prancûzija), Bazis, Janka (Baltarusija), Luna (Ðvedija), Krasnojarskij 80 (Rusija), Sj 922248 (Danija), Tennis (Anglija) ir kt.Reikðminiai þodþiai: vasariniai mieþiai, veislës, atsparumas ligoms, rudadëmë dryþligë, juostuotoji dryþligë, tinkliðkoji dryþligë, rinchosporiozë, septoriozë, miltligë, smulkiosios rûdys, juodosios rûdys, dulkanèiosios kûlës.
ISSN 1392-3196
Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 279-288
UDK 633.16:631.527
RESISTANCE OF SPRING BARLEY COLLECTION TO DISEASES
P. Petrauskas, A. Leistrumaitë
Summary
672 spring barley varieties were investigated over the period 1993-1999. Susceptibility to diseases such as spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.), leaf stripe (Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.) Shoem.), net blotch (Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem.), Rhynchosporium leaf spot (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis, Owen), septoria (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria hordei Jaccz.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Marchal), dwarf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth.), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. hordei Erikss. et P. Henn.) and loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw.) was evaluated. Varieties resistant to each disease were selected. The following varieties were high yielding and relatively resistant to some diseases: Flika (France), Bazis, Janka (Byelorussia), Luna (Sweden), Krasnojarskij 80 (Russia), Sj922248 (Denmark), Tennis (England).
Key words: spring barley, varieties, resistance, spot blotch, leaf stripe, net blotch, Rhynchosporium leaf spot, septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, dwarf rust, stem rust, loose smut.