I skyrius.

ÞEMDIRBYSTË IR AUGALININKYSTË

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 3-13

UDK 633.16”321”:631.442.4:631.51.02

VOLAVIMO BÛDØ ÁTAKA SËKLOS GUOLIAVIETËS SUDARYMUI VASARINIAMS MIEÞIAMS SUNKAUS PRIEMOLIO DIRVOSE

Antanas SATKUS

Lietuv

os þemdirbystës instituto Joniðkëlio bandymø stotis

Joniðkëlis, Pasvalio rajonas

El. paðtas: lzi_joniskelio@post.omnitel.net

Santrauka

Optimalios mieþiø sëklos guoliavietës sudarymo prieðsëjiniu þemës dirbimu ir volavimu tyrimai vykdyti 1996-1998 metais Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Joniðkëlio bandymø stotyje, kuri yra Vidurio Lietuvos þemumoje. Bandymai atlikti drenuotame, sukultûrintame velëniniame karbonatiniame sunkaus priemolio ant sunkaus molio dirvoþemyje, kurio dirvodarinë uoliena – limnoglaci

alinis molis.

Nustatyta, kad dirvos bendrasis poringumas sëklos guoliavietëje daugeliu atvejø buvo esmingai – 2,5-4,8 proc. vnt. maþesnis prieð ir po sëjos voluotoje lygiaisiais bei prieð sëjà þiediniais dantytais volais dirvoje, palyginus su nevoluota. Kultivuojant dirvà prieð sëjà kombinuotu spyruokliniø akëèiø agregatu bei voluojant prieð ir po sëjos þiediniais dantytais volais ið esmës – 1,5-2,3 proc. vnt. maþëjo dirvos drëgnumas sëklos guoliavietëje, palyginus su kultivuota „C” formos noragëliais ir ne

voluota. Mieþiø dygimas labiausiai gerëjo po sëjos suvolavus lygiaisiais ir þiediniais dantytais volais. Prieðsëjinis dirvos dirbimas, esant tyrimø metais ðlapiems posëjiniams periodams, didelës átakos mieþiø grûdø derliui neturëjo, o voluotoje prieð sëjà ţiediniais dantytais volais ið esmës – 0,21 t/ha, arba 5,0 % mieþiø grûdø derlius buvo maþesnis, palyginus su nevoluota. Energijos sànaudø ekonomijos poþiûriu apsimokëjo dirvà prieð sëjà ádirbti kombinuotu spyruokliniø akëèiø agregatu ir prieð sëjà bei po sëjos voluoti lygiaisiais volais, palyginus su tradiciniu bûdu kultivuota ir nevoluota.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: sunkus priemolis, þemës dirbimas, fizikinës ir technologinës savybës, vasariniai mieþiai.

Chapter 1. AGRICULTURE AND CROP PRODUCTION

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 3-13

UDK 633.16”321”:631.442.4:631.51.02

EFFECT OF ROLLING METHODS ON SPRING BARLEY SEEDBED PREPARATION ON A CLAY LOAM SOIL

A. Satkus

Summary

Investigations of the formation of optimal seedbed for barley

by pre-sowing soil tillage and rolling were conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s Joniðkëlis Research Station over the period 1996-1998. Experiments were conducted on a drained, cultivated, sod calcareous, clay loam soil.

Experimental findings show, that the total soil porosity in the seedbed was in many cases significantly lower by 2.5-4.8 percentage units in the soil rolled before and after sowing by flat rollers and before sowing by cambridge rollers as compared with the not rolled soil. Soil cultivation before sowing by a combined spring-tine harrow and rolling before and after sowing by cambridge rollers significantly reduced soil moisture content in the seedbed by 1.5-2.3 percentage units as compared with the soil cultivated by „C” type tines and not rolled. In the rolled soil barley seed was placed at a more shallow depth 0.5 cm in the soil rolled by cambridge rollers as compared with not rolled soil. Barley emergence was best improved by post-sowing rolling by flat and cambridge rollers. Pre-sowing soil tillage did not have any significant effect on barley grain yield if there were wet post-sowing periods during the experimental years, and the effect of rolling before sowing by cambridge rollers significantly reduced the barley grain yield by 0.21 t/ha or 5.0 % as compared with the not rolled soil.

Key words: clay loam soil, soil tillage, physical and technological properties, spring barley.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 14-28

UDK [631.893:631.816.1+631.862+631.872]:631.582:633:631.55

SKIRTINGAIS BÛDAIS APSKAIÈIUOTØ NPK TRÀÐØ NORMØ, MËÐLO IR ÐIAUDØ VEIKSMINGUMO PALYGINIMAS SËJOMAINOJE

Ona SIMANAVIÈIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Elmininkø bandymø stotis

N. Elmininkai, Anykðèiø rajonas

El. paðtas: elmininkai@anyksciai.omnitel.net

Jonas MAÞVILA, Zigmas VAIÐVILA, Elena RYLIÐKIENË,

Jonas ARBAÈAUSKAS, Leonas EITMINAVIÈIUS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Agrocheminiø tyrimø centras

Savanoriø pr. 287, Kaunas

El.paðtas:lzi

_atc@euteka.lt.

Santrauka

1994-1998 m. Elmininkuose velëniniame jauriniame glëjiðkame, pagal naujà FAO klasifikacijà – moreninës kilmës smëlingame lengvo priemolio giliai glëjiðkame karbonatingame iðplautþemyje daryti sëjomaininiai lauko bandymai, siekiant nustatyti skirtingais bûdais apskaièiuotø NPK tràðø normø, ðiaudø ir mëðlo naudojimo átakà lauko sëjomainos augalø derliui.

Prieð bandymo árengimà esant dirvoþemyje pakankamai maisto medþiagø, NPK tràðos buvo maþai veiksmingos pirmiems sëjomainos rotacijos augalams: I ir II naudojimo metø daugiametëms þolëms bei þieminiams kvieèiams. Po jø augusiø bulviø ir mieþiø derlius nuo NPK tràðø padidëjo ið esmës: bulviø – atitinkamai 10,0-12,3, o mieþiø grûdø – 1,36-1,37 t/ha. Didþiausias derlius gautas, kai ðie

ms augalams mineraliniø tràðø normos buvo skaièiuotos balansiniu metodu.

Vidutinis þemës ûkio augalø derlius sëjomainoje, iðreikðtas apykaitos energija, nuo NPK tràðø padidëjo 10,1 GJ/ha, arba 14,4 %. Daugiausiai apykaitos energijos kasmet gauta, kai þemës ûkio augalai buvo patræðti vidutinëmis ðiuo metu rekomenduojamomis NPK tràðø normomis, koreguotomis pagal maisto medþiagø kieká dirvoþemyje. Uþ 1 kg NPK tràðø gauta 0,07 GJ apykaitos energijos.

Patræðus nekoreguotomis vidutinëmis tràðø normomis, uþ 1 kg NPK tràðø gautas apykaitos energijos priedas sumaþëjo iki 0,46, o kai tràðø normos buvo skaièiuotos balansiniu metodu – iki 0,04-0,036 GJ.

Nuo mëðlo bulviø gumbø derlius padidëjo 5,6 t/ha, arba 24,0 %, o nuo ðiaudø, panaudotø kaip organinë tràða, – 1,2 t/ha, arba 5,1 %. Po bulviø auginamø mieþiø grûdø derlius ið esmës (0,33 t/ha, arba 13,1 %) padidëjo tik nuo mëðlo, o ðiaudai teigiamos átakos neturëjo.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: dirvoþemis, tràðos, þemës ûkio augalai.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 14-28

UDK [631.893:631.816.1+631.862+631.872]:631.582:633:631.55

COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF NPK FERTILISER RATES, CALCULATED BY DIFFERENT METHODS, AND THE EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE AND STRAW IN THE CROP ROTATION

O. Simanavièienë, J. Maþvila, Z. Vaiðvila, E. Ryliðkienë, J. Arbaèauskas, L. Eitminavièius

Summary

Field experiments involving crop rotations were carried out in Elmininkai over the period 1994-1998 on an Endohypoglei-calc(ar)ic Luvisol. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effects of NPK fertiliser rates, straw and farmyard manure, calculated by different methods on the yield of the crop rotation crops.

As prior to the establishment of the trial the soil had a sufficient content of nutrients, the efficacy of NPK fertilisers was low for the first crops of the rotation – perennial grasses of the 1stand 2ndyear of use and winter wheat. A significant yield increase through NPK fertilisation occurred in potato and barley crops (10.0-12.3, and 1.36-1.37 t/ha respectively), which were grown after them. The highest yield was obtained when these crops were applied by the fertiliser rates calculated by the balance method.

Average yield of the agricultural crops in the crop rotation, expressed by metabolisable energy, increased by 10.1 GJ/ha, or 14.4 % through NPK fertilisation. The highest content of annual metabolisable energy was obtained when the agricultural crops had been fertilised by average, currently recommended NPK rates, adjusted according to the nutrient content in the soil. 1 kg of NPK fertilisers yielded 0.07 GJ of metabolisable energy.

When unadjusted average fertiliser rates had been applied the increase in metabolisable energy declined to 0.46 per 1 kg of NPK, and when fertiliser rates had been calculated by the balance method – to 0.04-0.036 GJ.

Potato tuber yield increased by 5.6 t/ha, or 24.0 % through manure application. Straw used as organic fertiliser increased potato tuber yield by 1.2 t/ha, or 5.1 %. The grain yield of barley grown after potatoes significantly increased (0.33 t/ha, or 13.1 %) only through manure application, while straw did not have any positive effect.

Key words: soils, fertilisers, agricultural crops.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 29-40

UDK 633.14<324>:631.531.04:631.559

SËJOS LAIKO IR SËKLOS NORMOS ÁTAKA TETRAPLOIDINIØ ÞIEMINIØ RUGIØ ‘RÛKAI’ PRODUKTYVUMUI

Ona AUÐKALNIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

albinas@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Tetraploidiniø rugiø sëjos laiko, sëklos normø bei pasëlio produktyvumo rodikliø iðtyrimui Dotnuvoje, velëniniame glëjiðkame lengvai pajaurëjusiame lengvo priemolio dirvoþemyje 1994-1996 metais daryti lauko bandymai. Buvo sëjama penkiais terminais: 25 rugpjûèio, 5, 15 ir 25 rugsëjo ir 5 spalio iðsëjant 3,5; 4,5; 5,5 ir 6,5 mln/ha daigiø sëklø.

Santykinai daugiausiai augalø sudygo sëjant maþiausià – 3,5 mln/ha daigiø sëklø normà. Priklausomai nuo sëjos laiko, rugiø sudygo 75,6-92,5 % nuo pasëtø sëklø kiekio. Aukðèiausi rugiai uþaugo juos pasëjus rugsëjo 5 dienà. Sëjà vëlinant augalø aukðtis maþëjo. Esminis augalø aukðèio sumaþëjimas nustatytas rugius pasëjus rugsëjo 25 ir spalio 5 dienà. Didinant sëklos normà, produktyviø stiebø skaièius pl

oto vienete didëjo. Sëklos normà didinant ir sëjà vëlinant, rugiai iðaugino trumpesnes varpas. Grûdø skaièius varpose dël sëklos normos didinimo maþëjo sëjà vëlinant iki rugsëjo 25 dienos ir sëjant labai anksti, t.y. rugpjûèio 25 dienà.

Sëjos laikas ir sëklos norma turëjo átakos rugiø grûdø derliui. Trejø metø vidutiniai duomenys parodë, kad esminis derliaus sumaþëjimas nustatytas tik sëjant vëliausiu terminu, t.y. spalio 5 dienà. Pastebëta tendencija, kad didþiausias derlius gaunamas ið laukeliø, kurie bu

vo sëti 4,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà norma. Esminis skirtumas tarp variantø, sëtø 3,5 ir 4,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà, gautas tik sëjà suvëlinus iki rugsëjo 25 dienos. Sëklos normos didinimas iki 5,5 ir 6,5 mln. daigiø sëklø á hektarà neturëjo esminës átakos rugiø grûdø derliui nei sëjant anksti, nei rugiø sëjà vëlinant. Vëlinant rugiø sëjà, grûduose didëjo bendrojo ir baltyminio azoto kiekis ir maþëjo krakmolo kiekis. Sëjant vëliausiu terminu – spalio 5 dienà ðie pokyèiai buvo esminiai. Sëklos norma ðiems rodikliams esminës átakos neturëjo.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai:

þieminiai rugiai, sëjos laikas, sëklos normos, produktyvumo rodikliai, bendrojo ir baltyminio azoto kiekis, krakmolo kiekis grûduose.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 29-40

UDK 633.14<324>631.531.04:631.559

THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME AND SOWING RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TETRAPLOID WINTER RYE CV. 'RÛKAI'

O. Auðkalnienë

Summary

Experiment to investigate the effect of sowing time and sowing rate on the productivit

y of tetraploid rye cv. ‘Rûkai’ was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on a podzolic humic carbonated light loamy soil over the period 1994-1996. The experimental design consisted of 20 treatments: five dates of sowing: August 25, September 5, 15, 25 and October 5and four seed rates: 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 million/ha of seeds.

According to the averaged experimental findings, the highest grain yield was obtained when 3.5-4.5 million/ha seeds were sown on September 5-15. While delaying sowing until October 5, the grain yield of winter rye decreased significantly.

Seed rate and sowing time influenced the productivity of winter rye: length of an ear, number of grains per ear, and plant height. Plant height reduced significantly at the sowing time September 25 and later. At the latest sowing time – October 5 the content of total nitrogen significantly increased and the content of starch decreased in absolutely dry matter of grain.

Key words: winter rye, sowing time, seed rate, grain yield, content of nitrogen, content of starch, plant height.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë: Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 41-49

UDK 633. 14<324>:632.51:632.954

PLATAUS VEIKIMO HERBICIDØ PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBËS TETRAPLOIDINIØ RUGIØ ‘RÛKAI’ PJÛÈIAI PAANKSTINTI IR PIKTÞOLËMS NAIKINTI

Ona AUÐKALNIENË, Albinas AUÐKALNIS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës i

nstitutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø r.

El. paðtas: albinas@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Tyrimai daryti Lietuvos þemdirbystës institute Dotnuvoje 1995-1997 metais. Bandymo tikslas – iðtirti raundapo naudojimo galimybes rugiø brandai paankstinti ir piktþolëms naikinti. Raundapas naudotas þieminiø rugiø ‘Rûkai’ pasëlyje likus apie 10 dienø iki pjûties, grûdø drëgmei esant 29-30 %.

Tyrimø duomenimis, rugius nupurðkus, kai jø grûdø drëgmë buvo 30 %, o oras buvo sausas ir ðiltas, javø branda nepaankstëjo, grûdø derlius nedidëjo. Herbicidas raundapas gerai naikino piktþoles. Trejø metø vidutiniais duomenimis, geriausiai piktþoles naikino raundapas, iðpurkðtas prieð rugiø pjûtá 4 l/ha norma. Piktþoliø skaièius sumaþëjo 90-97 %, o masë – 94,5-97,9 %. Pakankama buvo

ir 3 l/ha norma, naudojama prieð pjûtá. Piktþoliø skaièius, nupurðkus ðia norma, sumaþëjo 85,5-92,2 %, o masë – 92,2-94,7 %. Raundapo 2 l/ha norma buvo maþiau efektyvi – piktþoliø masë sumaþëjo 83,6-87 %. Raundapo analogo glifoso 3 l/ha normos efektyvumas buvo panaðus, kaip tokios pat normos raundapo. Reglonas nebuvo veiksmingas daugiametëms piktþolëms. Po purðkimo ðiuo preparatu dalis piktþoliø nudþiûvo, bet praëjus dviems savaitëms, dygo naujos piktþolës.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ţieminiai rugiai, raundapas,

glifosas, reglonas, derlius, daugiametës piktþolës, pjûtis.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scirentific articles, 2001, 75, 41-49

UDK 633. 14<324>:632.51:632.954

APPLICATION OF NON-SELECTIVE HERBICIDES TO HASTEN THE RIPENING OF WINTER RYE AND TO CONTROL THE WEEDS

O.Au

ðkalnienë, A.Auðkalnis

Summary

Experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in Dotnuva over the period 1995-1997. The aim was to investigate the possibility of Roundup use to hasten the ripening of winter rye and

to control the weeds. Roundup was applied in the winter rye cv. ‘Rûkai’ 10 days before harvesting, when moisture content in grain was 29-30 %.

Experimental findings suggest that when Roundup had been applied 10 days before harvesting, at a grain moisture content of about 30 %, the herbicide had no effect on grain ripening and did not influence the grain yield in the prevailing dry and hot weather conditions. Roundup was effective in controlling the weeds. The best weed control over 3 years was obtained from 4.0 l/ha of Roundup applied pre-harvesting: the number of weeds decreased by 90-97 %, and mass by 94.5-97.9 %. 3.0 l/ha of Roundup applied pre-harvesting decreased the number of weeds by 85.5-92.2 %, and mass by 92.2-94.7 %. 2.0 l/ha of Roundup decreased the weed mass by 83.6-87 %. The efficacy of Glyfos was the same as that of Roundup. Reglon was ineffective against perennial weeds.

Key words: winter rye, Roundup, yield, perennial weeds, harvesting.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75

, 50-64

UDK 633.853.494:581.14

ÞIEMINIØ IR VASARINIØ RAPSØ AUGIMO TARPSNIØ ANALIZË IR APIBÛDINIMAS

Irena BRAZAUSKIENË, Gvidas ÐIDLAUSKAS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas: brazausk@lzi.lt

Santrauka

R

emiantis tyrimø duomenimis bei stebëjimais, taip pat pasaulyje sukaupta patirtimi, straipsnyje aptariami charakteringiausi þieminiø ir vasariniø rapsø (Brassica napus) augimo tarpsniø poþymiai, pateikiamas jø trumpas apraðymas bei kodavimo sistema. Rapsø vegetacijos periodas yra suskirstytas á devynis pagrindinius augimo tarpsnius: sëklø dygimas ir daigai (0), lapø formavimasis (1), stiebo augimas (2), butonizacija (3), þydëjimas (4), ankðtarø vystymasis (5), sëklø brendimas (6), ankðtarø brendimas (7) ir stiebo dþiûvimas (8). Siekiant detaliau apibûdinti charakterizuojamus poþymius, pagrindiniai augimo tarpsniai yra dar suskirstyti á potarpsnius, trumpai aptariant jø pagrindinius skiriamuosius poþymius.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ţieminiai ir vasariniai rapsai,

augimo tarpsniai, vegetacijos periodas.

1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 50-64

UDK 633.853.494:581.14

ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF THE GROWTH STAGES OF WINTER AND SPRING OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS)

I. Brazauskienë, G. Ðidlauskas

Summary

According to the data collected and observations made as well as worldwide accumulated expertise the growth stages of winter and spring oilseed rape are discussed in the paper provided with a short description and code system. The vegetative growth period of winter and spring oilseed rape is divided into nine principal stages: germination and emergence (0), leaf production (1), stem elongation (2), flower bud development (3), flowering (4), pod development (5), seed development (6), pod (7) and stem (8) senescence. The principal stages are subdivided into secondary stages and a short description of each is given.

Key words: winter and spring oilseed rape, growing stages, period of vegetative growth.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001

, 75, 65-71

UDK 633.491(063)

AUGIMO STIMULIATORIØ – STILITØ FIZIOLOGINIO AKTYVUMO BEI POVEIKIO CUKRINIØ RUNKELIØ PRODUKTYVUMUI TYRIMAI

Elena JAKIENË, Vytautas MICKEVIÈIUS, Zigmuntas BERESNEVIÈIUS

Kauno technologijos universitetas

K. Donelaièio g.73, Kaun

as

El. paðtas: Vytautas.Mickevicius@ctf.ktu.lt

Santrauka

Tyrimai atlikti 1997-2000 metais Lietuvos þemës ûkio universiteto Genetikos ir biotechnologijos laboratorijoje.

Lauko bandymai daryti LÞÛU bandymø stotyje. Tirti Kauno technologijos universiteto Organinës chemijos katedroje susintetinti augimo stimuliatoriai stilitai, jø fiziologinis aktyvumas ir átaka cukriniø runkeliø derliui ir jo kokybei.

Stilitø fiziologinis aktyvumas, jø veikimo pobûdis ir átaka sëklø daigumui nustatyta laboratorinio skriningo metodu daiginant mieþiø grûdus 0,02 proc. koncentracijos tiriamø augimo stimuliatoriø tirpaluose. Atliekant lauko bandymus nustatytas stilitø poveikis cukriniø runkeliø daigø augimui, ilgesniam lapø asimiliacinio aktyvumo iðsaugojimui, ðakniavaisiø derli

ngumui ir cukringumui.

Intensyvesnis cukriniø runkeliø augimas ir vystymasis vegetacijos pradþioje, didþiausio lapø asimiliacinio pavirðiaus iðsaugojimas skatino greitesná ðakniavaisiø masës didëjimà, asimiliacijos produktø kaupimà ðakniavaisyje bei cukring

umŕ.

Nustatyta, kad apipurðkus cukriniø runkeliø daigus 0,05 proc. koncentracijos augimo stimuliatoriø stilitø tirpalais, cukriniø runkeliø derlingumas padidëja 9-12 t/ha, arba 15-20 proc., cukringumas – 0,6-0,8 proc. bendrasis cukraus kiekis – 2,3-2,6 t/h

a, arba 20-24 proc., palyginus su kontroliniu variantu.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: augimo stimuliatoriai stilitai, fiziologinis aktyvumas, cukriniai runkeliai, derlingumas, cukringumas.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 65-71

UDK 633.491(063)

INVESTIGATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GROWTH STIMULATORS STILITS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET

E.Jakienë, V.Mickevièius, Z.Beresnevièius

Summary

Growth stimulators – stilits, synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, were tested. Investigation of their biological activity, influence on the productivity and quality of sugar beet was carried out by the method of laboratory screening at the Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997-2000. Sugar beet, variety ‘Madison’ was grown. During the period of early vegetation sprouts of sugar beet were sprayed with the 0.05 % solution of growth regulators. It was determined that under their influence the productivity of sugar beet increased by 9-12 t/ha or by 15-20 %, sugar content in roots – by 0.6-0.8 %, total yield of sugar was higher by 2.3-2.6 t/ha or by 21-24 % in comparison with the control.

Key words: growth stimulators – stilits, physiological activity, sugar beet, productivity, sugar content.

 

II skyrius. AUGAL

Ø CHEMINË SUDËTIS

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 72-83

UDK 633.11< 324> :581.19:631.559

ÞIEMINIØ KVIEÈIØ VEISLIØ IR SELEKCINËS MEDÞIAGOS GRÛDØ KOKYBËS RODIKLIØ TARPUSAVIO PRIKLAUSOMUMAS

Audronë MAÐAUSKIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës insti

tutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas: brone@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Tyrimø tikslas – nustatyti vienodomis dirvoþemio ir træðimo sàlygomis augintø þieminiø kvieèiø (

Triticum aestivum L.) grûdø kokybës septyniø rodikliø verèiø tarpusavio priklausomumà ir ryðá su grûdø derlingumu. Iðtirti 1992-1998 metais iðaugintø grûdø kokybës rodikliai: baltymø, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimo kiekis, sedimentacija, glitimo deformacijos indeksas, 1000 grûdø masë, natûrinis grûdø svoris.

Kiekvienais metais viso

se þieminiø kvieèiø veisliø grupëse buvo vidutinio stiprumo arba stiprus tiesioginis ryðys, daþniausiai siekiantis 0,99 (P = 0,01) tikimybæ, tarp þaliø baltymø kiekio grûduose ir ðlapiojo bei sausojo glitimo kiekio grûduose ir miltuose verèiø. Ne kiekvienais metais ir ne visose bandiniø grupëse, bet labai daþnai pasireiðkia vidutinë arba stipri tiesioginë koreliacija tarp þaliø baltymø kiekio ir sedimentacijos. Sedimentacijos rodiklis tiesiogiai koreliavo su sausojo ir ðlapiojo glitimo kiekiu miltuose, bet ne kasmet. Koreliacija tarp sedimentacijos ir ðlapiojo glitimo kiekio verèiø grûduose pasireiðkë reèiau, palyginus su miltais.

Kolekcijoje ir bandymuose augintø veisliø ir linijø grûdø glitimo kokybës netiesioginiu rodikliu laikytinas sedimentacijos rodiklis: aukðtesnës sedimentacijos grûdø glitimas buvo geresnës kokybës. Iðimtis – veislës ið Centrinës ir Pietø Europos, kur ðio ryðio tikimybë në vienais metais nesiekë 0,95 (P = 0,05). Lietuviðkos veislës ‘Ðirvinta 1’ grûduose pasireiðkë vidutinë tiesioginë priklausomybë tarp sedimentacijos ir grûdø derlingumo, o kolekcijoje ir bandymuose ði priklausomybë turëjo atvirkðtinio ryðio tendencijà.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: þieminiø kvieèiø grûdai, kokybë, derlingumas, tiesinës koreliacijos koeficientai, veislës.

Chapter 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 72-83

UDK 633.11< 324> :581.19:631.559

STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CULTIVARS AND GRAIN QUALITY CHARACTERS OF WINTER WHEAT

A. Maðauskienë

Summary

The goal of the study was the investigation of seven characters of winter wheat grain quality, their interaction and correlation with the data of yield. In 1992-1998 winter wheat cultivars were grown at the uniform conditions of soil and fertilising. Quality indicators, such as crude protein, wet and dry gluten, gluten deformation index, sedimentation, thousand kernel weight and volume weight were investigated.

Every year in all investigated sets of cultivars and varieties the direct medium or strong correlation, significant at P = 0.01 was established between the total protein content of grain and wet or dry gluten content of whole meal or of flour. Not always, but very often the direct relationship was established between protein and sedimentation. The character of sedimentation had a direct relationship with the data of wet and dry gluten in grain, as well as in flour.

The value of sedimentation can be used for evaluation of gluten quality in the collection, new varieties and breeding lines sets: the higher sedimentation – the better quality of gluten. Exception – the set of cultivars from Central and Southern Europe. In this set relationship between the sedimentation value and quality of gluten was never significant at P = 0.05. In the trials of variety ‘Ðirvinta 1’ the direct medium correlation occured between sedimentation and grain yield, however in collection and trials this correlation tended to be reverse.

Key words: winter wheat, grain, quality, yield, coefficients of linear correlation, cultivars.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 84-96

UDK 633.11< 324> :631.526.32:581.19

ÞIEMINIØ KVIEÈIØ GRÛDØ KOKYBËS RODIKLIØ VARIACIJOS PRIKLAUSOMUMAS NUO VEISLËS IR METØ METEOROLOGINIØ SÀLYGØ

Audronë MAÐAUSKIENË, Vanda PAPLAUSKIENË, Vytautas RUZ

GAS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas: lzeminst@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Iðtirta 1992-1998 metø derliaus þieminiø kvieèiø grûdø baltymingumo, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimo kiekio ir kokybës, sedimentacijos Zeleny ir Pumpianskio metodais, 1000 grûdø masës, natûrinio grûdø svorio ir derlingumo variacija, sàlygota metø meteorologiniø sàlygø ir kolekcijoje sukauptø veisliø bei linijø ávairovës.

Nustatyta, kad tarp tirtøjø rodikliø didþiausia variacija, iðreikðta variacijos koeficientais, pasiþymëjo sedimentacijos rodiklis, nepriklausomai nuo to, ar jis apskaièiuotas kolekcijoje augintø ávairiø veisliø ir linijø grupëse, ar lietuviðkos kilmës veislës ‘Ðirvinta 1’ ribose. Daug aukðtos sedimentacijos veisliø ir linijø

yra kilusios ið Rytø, Centrinës ir Pietø Europos, ir þemoka sedimentacija veisliø ið Ðiaurës Amerikos. Vidutinë variacija grûdø derlingumo, ðlapiojo ir sausojo glitimø bei baltymø kiekio. Maþiausia variacija pasiþymëjo natûrinis grûdø svoris.

Reikđminiai ţ

odþiai: þieminiø kvieèiø grûdai, kokybë, derlingumas, variacija, veislës.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 84-96

UDK 633.11< 324> :631.526.32:581.19

VARIATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN EFFECTED BY CULTIVAR AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

A. Maðauskienë, V. Paplauskienë, V. Ruzgas

Summary

The variation of quality indicators such as total protein, wet and dry gluten, gluten index, sedimentation by Zeleny and Pumpiansky, 1000 kernel weight, hectoliter weight and yield were investigated in 1992-1998. The variation of grain quality depended on meteorological conditions and diversity of varieties and breeding lines.

The greatest variation coefficient had data of sedimentation, calculated either in group of the collection or within the boundaries of variety of Lithuanian origin ‘Ðirvinta 1’. The high level of sedimentation was in group of breeding lines and varieties from Eastern and Central and Southern Europe, low – in North American group. The variation of grain yield, wet and dry gluten and protein was rather high. Hectoliter weight was distinguished by the smallest variation.

Key words: winter wheat, grain, quality, yield, variation, breeding lines.

 

III skyrius. METODIKA

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai,

2001, 75, 97-109

UDK 631.417.2:631.423.4

LIETUVOS ÞEMDIRBYSTËS INSTITUTE TAIKOMI HUMUSO KIEKIO IR KOKYBINËS SUDËTIES NUSTATYMO METODAI IR JØ ÁVERTINIMAS

Valerija JANUÐIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë, Vilnius

El. paðtas:

vokefil@takas.lt

Alvyra ÐLEPETIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

alvyra@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Straipsnyje apraðomi humuso kieki

o ir kokybinës sudëties nustatymo metodai, taikomi Lietuvos þemdirbystës institute, pateikiamas ðiø metodø ávertinimas.

Humuso medþiagø atskirø frakcijø tirpumas yra nevienodas. Ponomariovos-Plotnikovos modifikuotu Tiurino metodu humuso medþiagos nustatomos silpnos koncentracijos rûgðèiø ir ðarmø iðtraukose: tiesioginëje 0,1 M NaOH, 0,05 M H

2SO4, 0,1 M NaOH po dirvoþemio dekalcinavimo ir 0,02 M NaOH kaitinant. Ðiuo metodu iðskiriamos trys huminiø rûgðèiø ir keturios fulvorûgðèiø frakcijos. Judriosios humuso medţiagos nustatomos đarminio natrio pirofosfato iđtraukoje Kononovos-Belèikovos metodu, labiliosios – neutralaus natrio pirofosfato iđtraukoje.

Atskirø iðtraukø sausoje liekanoje, taip pat ir dirvoþemyje organinës medþiagos oksidavimas atliekamas kalio b

ichromato tirpalu 20 min. kaitinant dţiovinimo spintoje 150-160 0C temperatûroje. Anglies kiekis nustatomas titrimetriniu ar spektrofotometriniu metodu. Naudojant spektrofotometriná anglies kiekio nustatymo metodà, padidëja analizës greitis. Spektrofotometriðkai atliekant didelá matavimo pakartojimø skaièiø analizës tikslumas siekia 0,4-1,5 %, kitais atvejais – iki 4,4 %.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: metodai, humusas, huminës rûgðtys, fulvorûgðtys, tirpikliai, iðtrauka.

Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 97-109

UDK 631.417.2:631.423

METHODS AND THEIR EVALUATION FOR DETERMINATION OF HUMUS CONTENT AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION ADAPTED AT LITHUANIAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

V. Januðienë, A. Ðlepetienë

Summary

This article presents a description of methods and their estimation of humus content and qualitative composition adapted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture.

The solubility of different fractions of humus substances is diverse. According to Ponomariova-Plotnikova modified Tiurin method humic substances were established in diluted acid and alkaline extracts: in direct extract 0.1M NaOH, 0.05 M H2SO4, 0.1M NaOH after decalcination of soil and in 0.02 M NaOH by heating. By this method were established 3 fractions of humic acids and 4 fractions of fulvic acids. Mobile humus substances were established in alkaline sodium pyrophosphate extract according to the method of Kononova-Belcikova, labile – in neutral sodium pyrophosphate extract.

In dry residue of extracts and in soil samples the oxidation of organic matter was provided by heating up to +150-160 0C using potassium dichromate solution for 20 min. The content of organic carbon was established by titrimetric or spectrophotometric method. Applying spectrophotometric method for a large number of measurements the precision of analysis reached 0.4-1.5 %, in other cases – 4.4 %.

Key words: methods, humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, solvent, extract.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 110-124

UDK 631.417.2:631.42

HUMUSO IR ORGANINËS ANGLIES NUSTATYMAS DIRVOÞEMYJE PROGRAMUOJAMU DAUGIAKANALIU FOTOMETRU

MULTISKAN MS

Alvyra ÐLEPETIENË, Bronislava BUTKUTË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

alvyra@lzi.lt, brone@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Tyrimais

parengta detali humuso ir organinës anglies fotometrinio nustatymo metodika prietaisu Multiskan MS. Prietaiso mikrokompiuteryje sukurta programa su duomenø apskaièiavimo metodu Point to Point, ágalinanèia absorbcijos dydþius iðreikðti humuso kiekiu dirvoþemyje (%). Tirta ðviesos bangos ilgio, mikrokanalëliø uþpildymo lygio, tirpalø praskiedimo, standartø serijos diapazono bei jø skaièiaus átaka humuso nustatymo tikslumui ir duomenø atkartojimui prietaisu Multiskan MS. Ið prietaise instaliuotø ðviesos filtrø tinkamiausias humusui ir humuso medþiagoms nustatyti buvo 620 nm bangos ilgio filtras. Naudojant ðá filtrà, tirpalø, gautø 0,8 g dirvoþemio svëriná po mineralizacijos praskiedþiant iki 50 ml, absorbcijos rodikliai buvo optimalûs. Didinant fotometruojamo tirpalo tûrá, maþëjo matavimo paklaida. Tyrimø eigoje palyginti duomenys, gauti titrimetriniu, ir spektrofotometriniais metodais fotometru Multiskan ir spektrofotometru 181 Hitachi UV-VIS). Pateikiami skirtingais metodais ávertintø humuso kiekio duomenø palyginimo statistiniai rodikliai, apskaièiuotos duomenis siejanèios regresijos lygtys ir determinacijos koeficientai. Fotometriðkai nustatytos reikðmës yra kiek didesnës negu titrimetriðkai. Geriausi statistiniai rodikliai gauti standartais naudojant mineralizuotø dirvoþemio bandiniø su þinomu humuso kiekiu tirpalus: R2 = 0,99, standartinë paklaida 0,27. Darbas daugiakanaliu fotometru turi daug privalumø: palengvina analitiko darbà, daro já saugesná, taupomi cheminiai reagentai, maþiau kanalizuojama vandens, didëja darbo naðumas, esant pakankamam analitinio darbo tikslumui, duomenys perskaièiuojami automatiðkai prietaiso mikrokompiuteryje sukurta programa. Nustatant humuso kieká daugiakanaliu fotometru Multiskan MS, sumaþëjo nustatymo savikaina, palyginus su titrimetriniu humuso nustatymu.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: humusas, organinë anglis, nustatymo metodai,

Multiskan MS.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 110-124

UDK 631.417.2:631.42

DETERMINATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND ORGANIC CARBON IN SOIL BY THE USE OF PROGRAMMED MULTICHANNEL PHOTOMETER MULTISKAN MS

A. Ðlepetienë, B. Butkutë

Summary

The objective of our work was to adapt a multichannel photometer Multiskan for humus content determination, to elaborate methods, enabling reliable and accurate estimation of humus (organic carbon) content in various soil types, and giving satisfactory data repeatability with low inputs of labour and reagents. Investigation was carried out at the Analytical Laboratory of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 1999-2000. 0.1-0.8 g soil samples were poured-over with chromium mixture and heated “by wet chemistry method” according to Nikitin. Then the solution was diluted with water in 50-100 ml volumetric flasks, agitated and left to settle. Channels of the microplate used for photometry were filled with the solutions of analysed and standard series by an 8-channel automatic micropipette. Standard glucose solution (1 mg C/ml) was used. While preparing series of standards different amounts of this standard solution were evaporated and mineralised like soil samples. As standards we also used solutions of mineralised soil samples with known a

mounts of humus. Soils differing in humus content and humus fractional composition were used. In our experiments we used a photometer with built in filters which were the closest to the recommended ones λ = 450, 540, 620 nm. Absorption values obtained with 540 nm wavelenth filter were disproportionate to C concentration in solutions, and the results obtained with 450 nm filter were more variable due to inaccuracies related to different amount of chromium mixture used for humus oxidation, therefore we used 620 nm filter in our further work. In oder to achieve a high accuracy of analyses and measuring sensitivity of the solutions with small differences in the concentration, we have to obtain optical density as high as possible. Having increased the soil sample from 0.3 to 0.8 g and diluting in 50 ml volumetric flasks, absorption values increased to optimum. In the microcomputer of the instrument we developed the programme with the data calculation method Point to Point, enabling to express absorption values by the content of humus (or organic carbon) in the soil (%). We investigated the effect of the level of microchannels filling, dilution of solutions, range of series of standards and their number on humus determination accuracy and data repeatability by the instrument Multiskan MS. By increasing the volume of photometrically analysed solution, the error of measuring declined. Photometrically determined values were higher than those determined using titrimetric method, especially in the case of greater dilution. Satisfactory results were obtained when we included the standard with 20.67 % of humus in the set of standard solutions, and the best data were obtained in treatment using mineralised soil samples as standards: R2 = 0.99, standard error SEP-0.27. A good data repeatability was obtained using Multiskan MS. While analysing by photometric method the costs per sample analysis were twice as low as those of the classical titrimetric method.

Key words: humus, organic carbon, methods of determination, photometer Multiskan MS.

 

IV skyrius.

ÞOLININKYSTË

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 125-141

UDK 633.2.032(254):633.263:633.32

TREJOPAI NAUDOJAMØ SVIDRINØ IR JØ MIÐINIØ SU DOBILAIS PRODUKTYVUMAS

Regina SKUODIENË, Nijolë DAUGËLIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vëþaièiø

filialas

Vëþaièiai, Klaipëdos rajonas

El. paðtas: filialas@gargzdai.omnitel.net

Santrauka

Straipsnyje pateikiami 1996-1999 m. LÞI Vëþaièiø filiale darytø tyrimø duomenys apie lauko sëjomainoje ávairiai naudojamø svidrinø bei jø miðiniø su ankstyvaisiais raudonaisiais ir baltaisiais dobilais derlingumà ir paðarinæ vertæ bei ëdamumà.

Kombinuotai naudojami svidrinø þolynai derlingiausi (7,38 t/ha sausøjø medþiagø), ðienaujant gauta 0,55 t/ha, o ganant -

2,09-1,54 t/ha maţiau. Kombinuotai naudojant ir đienaujant produktyviausias buvo svidrinø ir raudonøjø dobilø miðinys (75,5 ir 68,0 GJ/ha), o ganant - svidrinø ir baltøjø dobilø miðinys (66,9 GJ/ha). Gryni svidrinai geriausiai derëjo ðienaujami ir kombinuotai naudojami (63,7 ir 70,5 GJ/ha). Svidrinai labiau stelbë baltuosius dobilus.

Tarp sausøjø medþiagø ir virðkinamøjø proteinø derliaus, nepriklausomai nuo þolynø naudojimo, gautas stiprus (r = 0,89-0,98**) koreliacinis ryðys. Kombinuotai naudojamø þolynø ëdamumas buvo 90 %, o ganomø -

76 %.

Reikđminiai ţod

þiai: svidrinai, þolynø naudojimas, botaninë sudëtis, derlius, paðarinë vertë.

Chapter 4. GRASSLAND HUSBANDRY

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 125-141

UDK 633.2.032(254):633.263:633.32

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SWARDS FESTULOLIUM USAGE

R. Skuodienë, N. Daugëlienë

Summary

Experiments were carried out during 1996-1999 at the Vëþaièiai Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on a soddy podzolic medium podzolized (J

2v) light loam on medium heavy loam soil, with the following agrochemical characteristics: pHKCl - 5.8-6.2, available P2O5 and K2O - 206-310 and 261-546 mg/kg respectively. During the abovementioned period we investigated Festulolium swards which were differnt used and her influence on agrophytocenosis of spring wheat.

In cut (3 cuts) and under mixed management (one cut and 2-3 grazings), the most productive are swards of Festulolium and Trifolium pratense. In these swards red clover accounts on average for 26.4 and 30.4 %. One hectare gives 7.31-7.96 t of dry matter yield or 68.0-75.5 GJ of metabolizable energy.

Under grazing management (4-6 grazings) the swards of Festulolium and Trifolium repens are the most productive. One hectare yields on average 5.76 t of dry matter or 66.9 GJ of metabolizable energy. In these swards white clover accounts for 27.5 %.

Pure Festulolium grass swards give high yields when cut and mixed-used. Under grazing management dry matter yield is by 1.59-1.79 t/ha or 6.7-13.5 GJ/ha lower.

The data of chemical composition showed that grazed grass had the highest protein content (15.7-18.4 % of crude protein). In grazed grass there was the highest content of crude fat (3.20-3.46 %) and the lowest content of crude fibre (21.8-24.6 %).

Cut and mixed-used swards contain small amount for crude protein (10.1-12.4 and 12.1-12.9 %) and high amount of crude fibre (26.2-29.1 %).

The highest content of crude ash (9.99-11.0 %) was found in grazed swards in whose composition contained highest content of undesirable potassium (3.57-3.82 %) and sufficient amount of phosphorus (0.42-0.45 %).

In cut swards there was enough of crude ash and potassium to meet the needs of high productivity cattle, however there was a shortage of phosphorus in the grass.

Digestibility of grazed grass is the best (71.6-74.5 %) at the stage of clover branching, and shooting of grasses. Digestibility of cut and mixed-used swards was slightly poorer at the beginning of clover flowering and ear emergence of grasses.

When grazing cattle at pasture maturity stage the intake of grass in mixed-used swards is 87-91 % and that in grazing swards - 73-80 %.

Key words: Festulolium, management systems, yield, botanical composition, nutritive value.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 142-154

UDK 633.322:663.2.033

BAL

TØJØ DOBILØ ‘ATOLIAI’ SËKLOS NORMOS IR SANTYKIS SU VARPINËMIS ÞOLËMIS GANYKLOS ÞOLYNUOSE LENGVAME DIRVOÞEMYJE

Roþë VAIÈIULYTË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë, Vilnius

El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt

Santrauka

1992-1998 metais Vokës filiale velëniniame jauriniame silpnai pajaurëjusiame priesmëlio dirvoþemyje persëjamoje kultûrinëje ganykloje tirta baltøjø dobilø ‘Atoliai’ (

Trifolium repens giganteum Lagr – Fosset) sëklos normos ir ganyklinis miðinys, keièiant ankðtiniø ir varpiniø santyká, netræðiant bei træðiant azotu. Vidutinio ankstyvumo þolyno miðinyje buvo sëjami baltieji dobilai ‘Atoliai’, tikrieji eraièinai ‘Dotnuva I’, pievinës miglës ‘Danga’, raudonieji eraièinai ‘Ðilis’, vëlyvojo þolyno miðinyje – paðariniai motiejukai ‘Vëlenis’, baltieji dobilai ‘Atoliai’, pievinës miglës ‘Danga’, raudonieji eraièinai ‘Ðilis’. Bandymuose 2 faktoriai: A – baltøjø dobilø sëklos norma ir santykis su varpinëmis, kur baltøjø dobilø nuo 2 iki 4 kg/ha 100 % ûkinës vertës sëklos, sudaranèios nuo 20 iki 40 % viso miðinio. B faktorius – træðimas, 1991 m. árengtuose bandymuose – 1) N60P60K90 (N30 po I ir II ganymo) ir 2) N120P60K90 (N40 po I, II ir III ganymo), 1993 m. árengtuose bandymuose – 1) P60K90 (be azoto), 2) N30P60K90 (N30 po II ganymo).

Baltøjø dobilø sëklos norma bei viso miðinio norma maþai lemia, o træðimas azotu (N

30-60-120) maþina baltøjø dobilø kieká þolynuose. Baltøjø dobilø ‘Atoliai’ gausiam paplitimui abiejuose þolynuose lemiamos átakos turëjo krituliø kiekis ir jø pasiskirstymas per vegetacijà (r = 0,78-0,82). Drëgnais metais baltøjø dobilø þolyne buvo 1,6-2,2 karto daugiau negu sausais. Abiejø brandø þolynuose atitinkamai gauta vidutiniðkai 4,49-4,78 ir 3,90-4,78 t/ha sausøjø medþiagø. Iðsëjus pusæ miðinio sëklos normos su 1,5 kg/ha baltøjø dobilø, sausøjø medþiagø derlius gautas maþesnis – 4,32-4,54 ir 4,14-4,60 t/ha. Todël ganyklinius þolynus galima persëti ir sumaþinta sëklos norma: vidutinio ankstyvumo þolynams sëklos norma – 7,4 kg/ha, vëlyviesiems – 5,9 kg/ha (1,5 kg/ha baltøjø dobilø).

Reikðminiai þodþiai: baltieji dobilai, varpinës þolës, sëklos norma ir santykis, azotas, vidutinio ankstyvumo þolynas, vëlyvas þolynas, botaninë sudëtis, sausøjø medþiagø derlius.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 142-154

UDK 633.322:633.2.033

WHITE CLOVER ‘ATOLIAI’ SEED RATE AND RATIO WITH GRASSES FOR PASTURE SWARD ON A SOD PODZOLIC SANDY LOAM SOIL

R. Vaièiulytë

Summary

Experiments were carried out in 1992-1998 at the Vokë Branch in a resown cultivated pasture on a s

od podzolic weakly podzolized sandy loam and deeper lying gravel soil. We investigated the seed rate of the white clover ‘Atoliai’ and of the total grassland mixture by changing legume/grass ratio. The experiment involved treatments with and without N fertilization.

The seed mixture of the medium early sward consisted of Festuca pratensis Huds cv. ‘Dotnuva I’, Trifolium repens L. cv. ‘Atoliai’ Poa pratensis L. cv. ‘Danga’ and Festuca rubra L. cv. ‘Ðilis’, and the late sward consisted of Phleum pratense L. c

v. ‘Vëlenis’, Trifolium repens L. cv. ‘Atoliai’ Poa pratensis L. cv. ‘Danga’ and Festuca rubra L. cv. ‘Ðilis’. The trials were two-factorial. Treatments of factor A: seed rate of white clover from 2 to 4 kg ha, from 20 to 40 % of the total mixture. Treatments of factor B: P60K90 without nitrogen fertilizers and P60K90N30-60-120.

Weather conditions had a vital influence r = 0.78-0.82 on the abundant spread of white clover ‘Atoliai’ in the grassland sward. White clover seed rate and the total seed rate of the mixture had an insignificant effect, while N30-120 fertilization reduced white clover portion in swards. In wet years white clover portion in the sward was 1.57-2.11 times higher than in dry years. Medium early and late swards produced on average 4.49-4.78 t/ha and 3.90-4.70 t/ha of respectively dry matter. When half the rate mixture was sown with 1.5 kg/ha of white clover, the dry matter yield was lower 4.32-4.54 and 4.14-4.60 t/ha.

The experimental findings suggest that it is possible to resow pasture with reduced seed rates of the total mixture (7.4-5.4 kg/ha) and white clover (1.5 kg/ha).

Key words: white clover, grasses, seed rate, seed ratio, seed mixture, medium early sward, late sward, nitrogen, botanical composition, dry matter yield.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 155-168

UDK 633.322:663.2.033

ÁVAIRAUS ANKSTYVUMO ILGALAIKIAI ÞOLYNAI PRIESMËLIO DIRVOÞEMYJE

Roþë VAIÈIULYTË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë, Vilnius

El. paðtas: vokefil@takas lt

Santrauka

Bandymai atlikti LÞI Vokës filiale 1991-1998 m. velëniniame jauriniame priesmëlio dirvoþemyje (pagal FAO sekliai nepasotintas rudþemis) persëjamoje ganykloje. Tirti ankstyvøjø raudonøjø ir baltøjø dobilø bei margøjø liucernø ir baltøjø dobilø su varpinëmis þolëmis, taip pat vienø varpiniø þoliø miðiniai. Visi þolynai kasmet træðti P

90K90, miðiniai su ankðtinëmis þolëmis nuo II naudojimo metø – dar ir N60, o vienø varpiniø – kasmet N180. Pirma þolë pjauta, du atolai skirti ganiavai.

Duomenys rodo, kad

ankðtiniø ir varpiniø þolynai, træðiami N60 ir netrãđiami azotu, pagal produktyvumà ir kokybæ maþai atsiliko nuo gausiai træðiamø azotu (N180) varpiniø þolynø.

Norint árengti ar persëti ilgalaiká miðraus naudojimo (1 pjûtis ir 2 ganiavos) þolynà priesmëlio dirvoþemyje, reikia sudaryti ávairaus ankstyvumo ankðtiniø ir varpiniø bei varpiniø þoliø miðinius. Varpinius þolynus verta gausiai træðti azotu (N

180). Dobilø ir varpiniø miðinius (kol vyrauja dobilai) reikia træðti pagal galimybes (bent N60), o margøjø liucernø ir varpiniø miðiniø, kol vyrauja liucernos, azotu træðti neverta.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: ankđtiniai ir varpiniai ţolynai, varpiniai ţolynai, derlingumas.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 155-168

UDK 633.322.2.033

LONG-TERM SWARDS OF DIFFERENT EARLINESS ON SANDY LOAM SOILS

R. Vaièiulytë

Summary

The course of 1992-1998 tests studying the feeding value of grass obtained from different grass stands and their combinations were carried out at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuani

an Institute of Agriculture.

Field tests were conducted on a soddy padzolic loamy sand laid with gravel. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as follows: 180 kg/ha of active ingredient to grasses and 60 kg/ha to legume-grass swards. During the first year of the investigation legume-grass swards did not received nitrogen fertilizers.

Thus, yield of legume-grass and sward grasses with introduction of nitrogen at the rate of 60 kg/ha and 180 kg/ha as regards its saturation with nutrient substances can be used for both for winter and summer feedind of productive herd.

The following grass species are recommended for establishing pastures on lowland log:

1. Early grass stands:

a) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 30 %, 20 % cocks foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) or awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.), red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.

b) cocks foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and awnless bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 40 % red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.

2. Medium late grass stands:

a) alfalfa, (Medicago varia Mart.) 40 % and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 20 %, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) or awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 20 %, red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %;

b) meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and awnless bromegrass, (Bromus inermis Leysser.) 40 %, red fescue (Poa pratensis L.) and meadow grass (Festuca rubra L.) 10 %.

Key words: grass mixture, legume, grasses, yield.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 169-181

UDK 633.2.03.004.69

KOKYBINIAI POKYÈIAI ÐIENAUJAMUOSE IR GANOMUOSE KALVØ ÞOLYNUOSE PAPILDOMAI ÁSËJANT ANKÐTINIØ ÞOLIØ

Dþenë ZABLECKIENË

Lietuv

os þemdirbystës instituto Kaltinënø bandymø stotis

Kaltinënai, Ðilalës rajonas

El.paðtas: kaltbs@lzi.lt

Santrauka

1991-1997 m. tyrinëta senø varpiniø þolynø pavirðinio pagerinimo galimybës, ásëjant ankðtiniø þoliø. Þolës buvo ásëjamos naudojant javø-þoliø sëjamàjà su diskiniais noragëliais, taip pat specialià frezinæ þoliø ásëjimo á velënà sëjamàjà. Visi ásëjimo bûdai davë teigiamus rezultatus: gerëjo þolynø botaninë sudëtis ir sausøjø medþiagø derlius. Velëniniame jauriniame dirvoþemyje árengtas pievas

ir ganyklas, kuriose piktþolës sudaro 15-20 %, galima pagerinti, papildomai ásëjus raudonøjø dobilø-motiejukø bei baltøjø dobilø. Ankðtines þoles geriausia ásëti anksti pavasará diskiniais noragëliais sëjamàja maðina tiesiog á ganyklos velënà arba jà du kartus palëkðèiavus. Gerai tinka sëti ir specialiomis su freziniais noragëliais sëjamosiomis maðinomis.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: kalvos, seni varpiniai þolynai, pavirðinis pagerinimas, diskinë sëjamoji, frezinë sëjamoji.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 169-181

UDK 633.2.03.004.69

QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN CUT AND GRAZED SWARDS ON HILLY SOILS WHEN OVERSOWING LEGUMES

D. Zableckienë

Summary

Over the period 1991-1997 at the Kaltinënai Research Station trials were carried out in the mead

ow of eight-nine and pasture of twelve-thirteen years of use with from 75 to 80 % of grasses and about 5 % of legumes and 21-25 % of forbs. The soil was sod podzolic loam with a slope inclination of – 4-70. The seed rate of white clover ‘Atoliai’ was 4 kg/ha in the pasture and of clover-timothy mixture in the meadow 6 kg/ha.

White clover and clover-timothy mixture were sown in the pasture or meadow with a disk drill in spring and in autumn with a rototilling drill in spring in the disked pasture (in autumn) with a disk drill in spring and sown in autumn.

A more successful sowing in the meadow was attained when a disk drill and rototilling drill were used for the grass sowing in the spring. In this case the yield of dry matter was by 0.21-0.43 t/ha higher. In the pasture the highest yield increase of 0.81 t/ha of dry matter was obtained when white clover was sown in the pasture with a rototilling drill.

Additional sowing of clover-timothy mixture and white clover increased the amount of legumes. The highest content of legumes was found when clover-timothy mixture (in the meadow) was sown with a disk drill in spring and when white clover (in the pasture) was sown in the disked pasture with a disk drill.

During the first two years (in the meadow) of usage of the ley, the yield of grasses in the renovated treatment was the same as in the treatment where grasses were fertilised with nitrogen (N120). Later on, more productive ley was in the treatment dressed with nitrogen fertilisers.

Key words: hilly soils, old grass swards, reseeding of grasses, disk drill, rototilling drill.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 7

5, 182-196

UDK 633.31:631.526.32

ÁVAIRIOS KILMËS LIUCERNØ VEISLIØ SAVYBËS GANANT IR PJAUNANT

Jonas GUTAUSKAS, Elena PETRAITYTË

Lietuvos

þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas: jonasgut@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Lauko bandymai daryti 1995-2000 m. Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Sëklininkystës ûkio Valinavos kultûrinëje ganykloje. Dirvoþemis – glëjiðkasis rudþemis, vidutinio sunkumo priemolis. Darbo tikslas – modelinio ûkio sàlygomis iðtirti ávairios kilmës liucernø auginimo galimybes, intensyviai naudojamose ganyklose bei pjaunamuose plotuose. Tirtos trys liucernø veislës: ‘Þydrûnë’, JAV sukurta speciali gany

kloms veislë ‘Alfagraze’ ir pjaunamo tipo ‘DK-122’. Liucernø pasëta 3 ha. Pusë lauko pjauta (3 pjûtys), o kita pusë ganyta 4 kartus per sezonà. Træðta P60K60.

Liucernø þolynai pasiþymëjo dideliu ir stabiliu produktyvumu. Ið tirtø veisliø liucernø pjaunant sausøjø medþiagø gauta 8,85-8,92 t/ha, ganant – 8,30-9,17 t/ha. Ganant derlingiausios buvo liucernos ‘DK-122’: sausøjø medþiagø gauta 9,17 t/ha. Biologinio derliaus skirtumai tarp ávairios kilmës liucernø veisliø pjaunant buvo neþymûs. Pjaunant lietuviðko

s liucernos ‘Þydrûnë’ I ir II, o ganant I naudojimo metais buvo derlingesnës negu JAV iðvestos veislës. Dël intensyvios ganiavos liucernø ‘Þydrûnë’ ir ‘Alfagraze’ þolynø biomasës sausøjø medþiagø derlius turëjo tendencijà maþëti.

Tyrimø duomenys rodo, kad nuo skirtingo liucernø þolynø naudojimo reþimo labai priklausë þolynø botaninë sudëtis bei þaliø proteinø kiekis þolës derliuje. Tyrimø laikotarpiu liucernø biomasës dalis sausøjø medþiagø derliuje svyravo tarp 69,3 ir 77,5 %. Tirtø veisliø liucernos pirm

uosius trejus naudojimo metus pasiþymëjo stelbiamàja galia – ávairiaþoliø pjaunant buvo nuo 2,4 iki 11,4 %, ganant – 4,4-14,3 %.

Skirtumø tarp ávairios kilmës liucernø biomasës cheminës sudëties nenustatyta. Ganykliniø liucernø biomasë buvo maistingesnë.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: liucernos, veislës, ganymas, pjovimas, sausøjø medþiagø derlius, botaninë sudëtis, biomasë.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 182-196

UDK 633.31:631.526.32

COMPARISON OF LUCERNE VARIETIES DIFFERING IN ORIGIN IN THE SWARDS FOR GRAZING AND CUTTING

J. Gutauskas, E. Petraitytë

Summary

Experiments were carried out on the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s Valinava cultivated pasture during 1995-2000 on a sod gleyic, podzolized light loam. The aim of this stu

dy was to compare the performance of lucerne grass swards under grazing and cutting managements. Three lucerne varieties were investigated ‘Þydrûnë’, ‘DK-122’ and ‘Alfagraze’ in the conditions of intensive grazing and conventional cutting regimes. The experimental area was grazed 4 times with a herd of dairy cows and cut for silage 3 times per season. Fertilisation background was P60K60.

Alfalfa swards guarantee a high and stable productivity. In the conditions of intensive grazing 8.30-9.17 t DM/ha and cutting regimes 8.85-8.92 t DM/ha without N application. Lucerne varieties differing in origin had only an insignificant effect on the DM yield under cutting regime. Under grazing management the DM yield and productivity of ‘DK-122‘ 9.17 t/ha was higher than

that of the other lucerne varieties. Four years findings showed that the Lithuanian variety ‘Þydrûnë’ produced on average 8.57-8.85 t/ha DM yield under grazing and cutting management. There were no significant differences between the two management systems. ’Þydrûnë’ surpassed the American variety ‘Alfagraze’ in terms of persistence in the sward and its portion in DM yield both under grazing and cutting regimes in the first and second year of pasture utilization.

The results show that the cutting and grazing systems had a significant effect on the botanical composition and crude protein content of herbage mass. The proportion of lucerne in the swards remained at a high level throughout the experimental period. The average annual lucerne proportion was 69.3-77.5 % on the DM basis in the four consecutive years.

In lucerne swards for grazing a slight thinning out of lucerne plants was observed. All lucerne varieties demonstrated a high competitive capacity. The sward was not heavily infested with weeds. Forbs accounted for 8.3-9.2 % in the part of sward devoted to cutting.

Key words: lucerne, varieties, grazing, cutting, DM yield, botanical composition.

 

V skyrius. AUGALØ SELEKCIJA

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 197-205

UDK 633.13:631.527

NAUJØ AVIÞØ LINIJØ 1313-137 ir 1313-100 TYRIMAS

Alfredas KULIKAUSKAS, Jûratë SPRAINAITIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El paðtas:

romas@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Aviþø selekcinës linijos 1313-137 ir 1313-100 sukurtos tarpveislinës hibridizacijos metodu sukryþminus vietinës selekcijos numerá 1172-2 su olandiðka veisle ‘Dula’.

Sukryþminta 1987 m., individinë atranka padaryta 1989 metais. 1994-1997 metais ðios linijos buvo tiriamos konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose ir rezultatai gauti teigiami. 1998 m. linijos buvo perduotos Valstybiniam augalø veisliø tyrimo centrui.

Ketveriø metø bandymø duomenimis, konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose linijos 1313-137 grûdø derlius uþ standartinës veislës ‘Jaugila’ derliø buvo didesnis 0,19 t/ha. Standartinës veislës vidutinis derlius – 4,11 t/ha. Linija 1313-137 atspari iðgulimui, jos grûdai stambesni uþ veislës ‘Jaugila’. Kadangi naujosios linijos grûdai stambesni (1000-èio grûdø masë – 32,4 g

) ir riebalø juose maþiau (5,3 %), labiau tinka maisto produktø gamybai.

Linija 1313-137 priklauso aurea

varietetui. Augalø aukðtis – 90-105 cm, ðluotelës 14-18 cm ilgio, skëstaðakës, ðakelës pusiau staèios, varpelës nukaræ.

2001 m. linija 1313-137 pavadint

a ‘Migla’ ir áraðyta á Tinkamiausiø Lietuvoje auginti augalø veisliø sàraðà.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcinë linija, tarpveislinë hibridizacija, konkursiniai veisliø bandymai.

Chapter 5. PLANT BREEDING

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 197-205

UDK 633.13:631.527

THE STUDY OF NEW OAT LINES 1313-137 AND 1313-100

A. Kulikauskas, J. Sprainaitienë

Summary

The new lines 1313-137 and 1313-100 were created by the method of intervarietal crossing of the breeding line 1172-2 and variety ‘Dula’ (Netherlands). They were crossed in 1987. Over the period 1994-1997 they showed good results in the competitive variety trials and in 1998 were transmitted to the Lithuanian State Variety Testing Center. Breeding line 1313-137 produced the highest average yield according to the data over 1994-1997 and out-yielded the standard variety ‘Jaugila by 0.19 t/ha. The line 1313-137 is resistant to lodging, and its thousand kernel weight is higher than in the standard variety ‘Jaugila’. The new line is more suitable to human consumption, because the fat percentage is lower and grains are larger.

Line 1313-137 belongs to aurea variety. Plant height is 90-105 cm, panicles – equilateral, length –14-18 cm, attitude of branches – semi-erect, attitude of spikelets – pendulous.

In 2001 the breeding line 1313-137 was registered in Lithuania as a cultivar ‘Migla’.

Key words: breeding line, intervarietal crossing, competitive trials.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 206-214

UDK 633.521:631.523

PLUOÐTINIØ LINØ SELEKCIJOS PASIEKIMAI

Kãstutis Baèelis

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Upytës bandymø stotis

Upytë, Panevëþio rajonas

El. paðtas:

lzi.upyte@post.omnitel.net

Santrauka

Pluoðtiniø linø selekcija Lietuvoje pradëta 1922 m. ásteigus Dotnuvos selekcijos stotá. Selekcijos darbo pradþioje veislës kurtos individualios atrankos metodu. 1932 m. pradëta taikyti tarpveislinë hibridizacija. 1941 m. ásteigiama Savitiðkio linininkystës bandymø stotis, kur linø selekcija vykdyta iki 1964 m., o nuo 1965 m. iki dabar – Upytës bandymø stotyje. 1971 m. pradëtas taikyti eksperimentinës mutagenezës metodas. Nuo selekcinio darbo pradþios iki dabar

Lietuvoje sukurta 18 naujø pluoðtiniø linø veisliø, ið kuriø sëkla platinta: iki 1950 m. – ‘Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai I’ ir ‘Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai II’, 1950-1977 m. – ‘Vaiþgantas’, 1987-1998 m. – ‘Upytë 2’. Dabar Lietuvoje registruotos trys lietuviðkos linø veislës: ‘Baltuèiai’ (sukurta eksperimentinës mutagenezës metodu) – nuo 1991 m., ‘Vega 2’ – nuo 1997 m. ir ‘Kastyèiai’ – nuo 2000 m., abi sukurtos tarpveislinës hibridizacijos ir individualios atrankos metodais.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: pluođtiniai linai, selekcija,

veislës, metodai, stiebeliai, sëmenys, pluoðtas.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 206-214

UDK 633.521 : 631.523

ACHIEVEMENTS IN FIBRE FLAX BREEDING

K. Baèelis

Summary

Fibre flax breeding in Lithuania was started at the Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station in 1922. The main method used for fibre flax breeding was individual selection. The method of intervarietal hybridisation has been used since 1932. Flax breeding was carried out at the Savitiðkis Experimental Station from 1941 to 1964, and since 1965 it has been continued at the Upyte Experimental Station. Since 1971 experimental mutagenesis method has been used in flax breeding. Since the beginning of flax breeding in Lithuania 18 varieties of fibre flax have been bred, and the se

ed of the following varieties was widespread: of ‘Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai I’ and ‘Dotnuvos ilgûnëliai II’ – till 1950, of ‘Vaiþgantas’ – in 1950-1977, of ‘Upytë 2’ – in 1987-1998. At present three varieties of the Lithuanian origin are registered in Lithuania: ‘Baltuèiai’ (bred by the method of experimental mutagenesis) since 1991, ‘Vega 2’ – since 1997, and ‘Kastyèiai’ – since 2000. The last two varieties were bred using the methods of intervarietal hybridisation and individual selection.

Key words: fibre flax, breeding, variety, methods, stem, linseed, fibre.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 7

5, 215-220

UDK 633.367.1

PAÐARINIØ GELTONÞIEDÞIØ LUBINØ VEISLË ‘VILÈIAI’

Zita MAKNICKIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë,

Vilnius

El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt

Santrauka

Geltonþiedþiø paðariniø lubinø veislë ‘Vilèiai’ sukurta tarpveislinio kryþminimo metodu 1985 m. sukryþminus veisles ‘Universal’ su ‘Kastryènik’. 1986-1996 m. veislë ‘Vilèiai’ perëjo visus selekcinio proceso etapus. Tai ankstyva, atspari fuzariozei ir iðgulimui veislë.

Vidutiniais konkursiniø bandymø duomenimis, veislë ‘Vilèiai’ sëklø derliumi lenkia registruotà veislæ ‘Kastryènik’ 0,3 t/ha. Priklausomai nuo meteorologiniø sàlygø, 1000 sëklø masë svyruoja nuo 96,8 iki 118,7 gramo, proteinø kiekis sëklose – nuo 43,5 iki 44,1 %. Sëklose esantis alkaloidø kiekis nëra didesnis uþ leidþiamà, sëklos tinka paðarams gaminti kaip koncentruotas baltyminis priedas.

Paðariniø geltonþiedþiø lubinø veislë ‘Vilèiai’ tirta Valstybiniame augalø veisliø tyrimo centre 1996 ir 1998-2000 metais. 2001 m. veislë ‘Vilèiai’ registruota Lietuvoje.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: geltonþiedþiai paðariniai lubinai, selekcija, tarpveislinis kryþminimas, individinë atranka, hibridas, veislë.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 215-220

UDK 633.367.1

YELLOW-FODDER LUPINE VARIETY ‘VILÈIAI’

Z. Maknickienë

Summary

The yellow-fodder lupine variety ‘Vilèiai’ was bred in 1985-1996 at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of A

griculture by intercrossing two Byelorussian varieties ‘Universal’ x ‘Kastryènik’ and applying individual selection of progeny.

‘Vilèiai’ is a high yielding, early, resistant to the fusarium wilt and lodging variety. The data of competitive trials shows that the variety ‘Vilèiai’ exceeds the standard variety ‘Kastryènik’ by 0.3 t/ha in seed yield. According to the meteorological conditions weight of 1000 seeds fluctuates from 96.8 up to 118.7 g, and protein content from 43.5 up to 44.1 %. ‘Vilèiai’ may be

used for fodder because of low amount of alkaloids in seeds.

Yellow fodder lupine variety ‘Vilèiai’ was on the official trials in 1996 and 1998-2000 years. That variety was registered in Lithuania in 2001.

Key words: yellow-fodder lupine, breeding, intervarietal hybridization, individual selection, variety.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 221-225

UDK 633.367.1

PAÐARINIØ GELTONÞIEDÞIØ LUBINØ VEISLË ‘TRAKIAI’

Zita MAKNICKIENË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë,

Vilniaus rajonas

El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt

Santrauka

Geltonþiedþiø paðariniø lubinø veislë ‘Trakiai’ sukurta tarpveislinio kryþminimo metodu, sukryþminus veislæ ‘Universal’ su veisle ‘Akademièeskij-1’. Nuo 1986 iki 1994 metø veislë ‘Trakiai’ perëjo vi

sus selekcinio proceso etapus.

Vidutiniais konkursiniø veisliø bandymø duomenimis, sëklø derliumi veislë ‘Trakiai’ lenkia rajonuotà veislæ ‘Kastryènik’ 0,15 t/ha. Priklausomai nuo meteorologiniø sàlygø, 1000 sëklø masë svyruoja nuo 104,0 g iki 142,0 gramø, proteinø kiekis sëklose – nuo 37,6 iki 47,2 %. Alkaloidø maþai ir sëklose, ir þalioje masëje. Tai ankstyva, atspari fuzariozei ir iðgulimui veislë. Ðios veislës lubinai tinka paðarui bet kokiu pavidalu.

Reikđminiai ţodţiai: geltonţiedţiai pađariniai lubi

nai, selekcija, individinë atranka, veislë.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 221-225

UDK 633.367.1

YELLOW-FODDER LUPINE VARIETY ‘TRAKIAI’

Z. Maknickienë

Summary

The yellow-fodder lupine variety ‘Trakiai’ was bred in 1985-1994

at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture by intercrossing two Byelorussian varieties ‘Universal’ x ‘Akademièeskij 1’ and applying individual selection of progeny.

‘Trakiai’ is a high yielding, early, resistant to the fusarium wilt and

lodging variety. The data of competitive trials shows that ‘Trakiai’ exceeds the standard variety ‘Kastryènik’ by 0.15 t/ha in seed yield. According to the meteorological conditions weight of 1000 seeds fluctuates from 104.4 up to 142.0 g and protein content from 37.6 up to 47.2 %. Amount of alkaloids in seeds and in green mass is low. ‘Trakiai’ may be used for fodder.

Key words: yellow-fodder lupine, breeding, intervarietal hybridization individual selection, variety.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo

darbai, 2001, 75, 226-237

UDK 633.265:631.527

NAUJØ DAUGIAMEÈIØ SVIDRIØ VEISLIØ KÛRIMAS

Steponas NEKROÐAS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

selekcentras@lzi.lt

Santrauka

1990-1999 metø laikotarpiu ávairiuose selekciniuose augynuose tirta 9175 veislës bei numeriai, ið jø 2646 – veisliø bandymuose, sukurti 1063 nauji selekciniai numeriai, registruotos trys naujos veislës: daugiameèiø svidriø ‘Sodrë’ ir ‘Þvilgë’ bei tarpveisliniø hibridø

Festulolium veislë ‘Punia’.

Geriausi rezultatai 1990-1999 m. konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose buvo gauti ið numeriø, sukurtø 1984-1985 metais. Taigi daugeliu atveju nuo daugiameèiø svidriø selekcinio numerio sukûrimo iki jo galutinio ávertinimo praeina 10-15 metø.

Ið per ðá deðimtmetá (1990-1999 m.) sukurtø naujø selekciniø numeriø tik nedaugelis buvo tirti konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose, ðiek tiek daugiau jø buvo tirta pradiniuose veisliø bandymuose. Tai dël to, kad dauguma naujai sukurtø numeriø dar neperëjo visø selekcinio darbo grandþiø ir veisliø bandymams dar neatëjo laikas. Taèiau tikimasi, kad netolimoje ateityje ið 1990-1999 m. sukurtø selekciniø numeriø atsiras ne vienas derlingas ir kitomis naudingomis ûkinëmis sav

ybëmis pasiþymintis daugiameèiø svidriø perspektyvinis numeris.

1999 metais Valstybiniam augalø veisliø tyrimui perduotas naujas perspektyvus numeris 1429, kuris, 1996-1997 metø konkursiniø veisliø bandymø duomenimis, sausøjø medþiagø derliumi virðijo ne tik senà veislæ ‘Veja’, bet ir naujas veisles ‘Sodrë’ bei ‘Þvilgë’. Nr.1429 buvo atsparesnis ligoms uþ visas registruotas lietuviðkas veisles.

2001 metais Valstybiniam veisliø tyrimui numatoma perduoti labai derlingà, gerai þiemojantá, turintá gerà virðkinamumà, gerai po pjûèiø atþeliantá perspektyviná numerá 1509.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: daugiametës svidrës, selekciniai numeriai, veislës, þiemojimas.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 226-237

UDK 633.265:631.527

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS

S. Nekroðas

Summary

Over the period 1990-1999 in different breeding nurseries 9175 cultivars and breeding numbers, 2646 of them in variety testing trials were evaluated. 1063 new breeding numbers were developed, three new cu

ltivars of perennial ryegrass ‘Sodrë’ and ‘Þvilgë’ and intergeneric hybrid ‘Punia’ were registered.

Over the period 1990-1999 the best performance in the yield trials was shown by the breeding numbers developed in 1984-1985. So in most cases 10-15 years pass from the development of a breeding number till releasing of a new cultivar.

Of the new breeding numbers developed over the period 1990-1999 only some of them were tested in the yield trials and a little bit more in the initial variety testing trials.

That was because most of the developed breeding numbers did not pass all the breeding stages and did not reach the variety testing trials. We believe that in the nearest future some promising numbers, distinguishing themselves by high yielding capacity and other valuable characters, developed over 1990-1999 period, will be developed.

The new promising number 1429 was passed on to the State Variety Testing Centre in 1999. According to the yield trials it outyielded not only the old cultivar ‘Veja’, but also th

e new cultivars ‘Sodrë’ and ‘Þvilgë’. The number 1429 is characterized by a better disease resistance compared to all the registered Lithuanian cultivars.

The new very high yielding, promising number 1509 will be passed on to the State Variety Testing in 2001.

Key words: perennial ryegrass, breeding numbers, cultivars, winterhardiness.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 238-248

UDK 633.264:631.527

POLIPLOIDIJOS METODAI BEI LAUKINIØ EKOTIPØ ATRANKA SELEKCIONUOJANT TIKRUOSIUS ERAIÈINUS

Juozas KANAPECKAS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

selekcentras@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Ðiuo metu Lietuvoje yra auginamos dvi selekcininkø sukurtos tikrøjø eraièinø veislës: ‘Dotnuva I’ ir ‘Kaita’. Abi jos yra ankstyvos, dël to nelabai tinka miðiniams su ankðtinëmis þolëmis. Vienas ið svarbiausiø uþdaviniø yra sukurti vëlyvas ir kartu derlingas tikrøjø eraièinø veisles. Taèiau tai padaryti yra labai sunku, nes natûral

iai gamtoje auganèiø tikrøjø eraièinø ankstyvumas svyruoja tik apie savaitæ, o vëlyvi numeriai paprastai pasiþymi menku derliumi. Derlingos ir skirtingà vystymosi ritmà turinèios pradinës medþiagos paieðka yra labai svarbu selekcionuojant ðiuos augalus.

199

6-2000 m. laukiniams ir sulaukëjusiems tikriesiems eraièinams rinkti buvo suorganizuota 10 ekspedicijø skirtingø Lietuvos regionø ávairiose geografinëse vietovëse, kur nuo neatmenamø laikø nevykdoma jokia þmogaus veikla. Ekspedicijø metu surinkta 119 laukiniø bei sulaukëjusiø tikrøjø eraièinø numeriø. Surinkti numeriai kruopðèiai iðtirti ir ávertinti pagal 18 poþymiø. Geriausi ið jø yra arba bus naudojami selekciniame darbe kaip vertinga pradinë medþiaga.

1996-2000 m. poliploidijos metodu buvo sukurti 542 t

etraploidiniai tikrøjø eraièinø numeriai. Pradiniuose veisliø bandymuose derlingumu iðsiskyrë 740-23 ir 740-25 numeriai, kurie sausøjø medþiagø derliumi lenkë diploidiná standartà ‘Dotnuva I’ atitinkamai 16,4 bei 18,9 %. Ðie numeriai toliau bus tiriami konkursiniuose veisliø bandymuose bei naudojami kaip vertinga selekcinë medþiaga kryþminimams.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcija, tikrieji eraièinai, poliploidija, laukiniø ekotipø atranka.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 238-248

UDK 633.264:631.527

APPLICATION OF POLIPLOIDY AND WILD ECOTYPES SELECTION METHODS IN BREEDING OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS HUDS)

J. Kanapeckas

Summary

Two Lithuanian – bred meadow fescue varieties ‘Dotnuva I’ and ‘Kaita’ are cultivated in Lithuania at the present time. Because of their earliness both varieties are less suitable for growing in mixtures with legumes. Therefore, there is as a need to develop late ripening high yielding meadow fescue varieties. The date of maturity of wild forms of meadow fescue differs only in a week, the late maturing numbers appear to be of low productivity. Therefore search of high yielding initial material, characterized by variable growth and development period is of great importance in breeding.

During the period of 1996-2000, ten expeditions were organized to collect semi-natural and wild ecotypes of meadow fescue in natural habitats of different parts of Lithuania, where they were not influenced by man’s activity. Over this period 119 semi-natural and wild ecotypes of meadow fescue were collected. They were evaluated by estimating 18 characters. Promising ecotypes are used now as valuable breeding material in the creation of new cultivars.

542 meadow fescue tetraploids were created by the method of polyploidy in 1996-2000. In the initial variety trials high yielding ecotypes were 740-23 and 740-25. Their dry matter yield was by 16.4 and 18.9 percent higher as compared with the standard ‘Dotnuva I’. These ecotypes will be tested further in the competitive variety trials and will be used as valuable breeding material for crossing.

Key words: breeding, meadow fescue, polyploidy, wild ecotypes selection.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 249-261

UDK 633.2/.3:635.928:631.527

VEJØ ÞOLIØ SELEKCIJA L

IETUVOJE

Juozas KANAPECKAS, Juozas MOCKAITIS

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas:

selekcentras@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Pagrindiniø vejø þoliø – pieviniø migliø (

Poa pratensis L.), raudonøjø eraièinø (Festuca rubra L.) bei paprastøjø smilgø (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) selekcija buvo pradëta 1982 metais. Vëliau nedidele apimtimi buvo selekcionuojami aviniai eraièinai (Festuca ovina L.), daugiametës svidrës (Lolium perenne L.) ir kitos varpinës þolës. Daugiausia buvo dirbama su pradine selekcine medþiaga, gauta ið Rusijos augalininkystës instituto ir kitø mokslo ástaigø. Ðiuo metu pradinës selekcinës medþiagos pagrindà sudaro daugiameèiø varpiniø þoliø laukiniai ekotipai, surinkti ekspedicijø metu ávairiose Lietuvos vietovëse. Ið 176 natûraliø augimvieèiø buvo surinkta 339 daugiameèiø varpiniø þoliø laukiniai ekotipai. Nustatyta, kad dalis surinktø vietiniø laukiniø ekotipø iðsiskyrë didele morfologiniø poþymiø ávairove ir buvo naudojami kaip pradinë selekcinë medþiaga vejø þoliø veislëms sukurti. Tokiu bûdu buvo atrinkti perspektyvûs pieviniø migliø numeriai 1002 (‘Lygutë’), 1054, 1075, 1076 ir raudonøjø eraièinø numeris 24.

Ið Rusijos augalininkystës instituto bei Maskvos centrinio botanikos sodo gautø pavyzdþiø buvo sukurtas perspektyvus pieviniø migliø Nr.975, aviniø eraièinø Nr.30 ir paprastøjø smilgø Nr.118. Be to, ið pieviniø migliø perspektyvaus selekcinio Nr.975 radiacinës mutagenezës metodu sukurtas perspektyvus Nr.109

6.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: selekcija, vejø þolës, vietiniai laukiniai ekotipai, atranka, perspektyvûs selekciniai numeriai.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 249-261

UDK 633.2/.3:635.928:631.527

TURF GRASSES BREEDING IN LITHUANIA

J. Kanapeckas, J. Mockaitis

Summary

Breeding work with the major turf grass species – meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and browntop bent (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) was started in 1982. Later some of the breeding work was concentrated on hard fescue (Festuca ovina L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and other species.

At the beginning of the work the initial material for turf grass breeding was got from Russian N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant and other institutes. Lately, wild ecotypes of local origin have been used more widely in turf grass breeding programme; 339 samples were collected, during the expeditions to 176 different natural habitats in Lithuania.

The investigation showed that part of wild ecotypes of turf grasses collected in the period of 1994-2000 in various natural habitats were characterised by a great variation of morphological qualities within the genus and were used as initial breeding material for the creation of new turf grass.

As a result

some perspective meadow grass N 1002 (‘Lygutë’), N 1054, N 1075, N 1076 and red fescue N 24 were selected. Perspective numbers of turf grass species, such as meadow grass N 975, hard fescue N 30 and browntop bent N 118 were created from material, that was got from Russian Institute of Plant Science and Moscow Central Botanical Gardens. Besides, applying radiation mutagenesis from initial selected N 975 was created perspective meadow grass N 1096.

Key vords: breeding, turf grass, local wild ecotypes, selection, perspective breeder’s lines.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 262-270

UDK 633.491:631.527

ATSPARIØ ÁVAIRIEMS PATOGENAMS BULVIØ SELEKCIJA

Almantas

Raţukas, Juozas Jundulas

Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filialas

Trakø Vokë, Vilnius

El. paðtas: vokefil@takas.lt

Santrauka

Lietuvoje bulviø selekcija ir naujø veisliø pradinë sëklininkystë atliekama Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Vokës filiale. Pagrindinis bulviø selekcijos darbo objektas – iðvesti ankstyvas, produktyvias veisles, turinèias kompleksiná atsparumà patogenams ir ligoms. Selekciniame procese sukurtos bulviø veislës yra atsparios vëþiui (

Synchtrium endobioticum Schilb.) ir R01 nematodø (Globodera rostochiensis) patotipui. Kiti privalumai, kaip didelis atsparumas grybinëms, bakterinëms ligoms bei virusams, yra vieni svarbiausiø vykdant lietuviðkø bulviø selekcijà.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: bulvës, bulviø selekcija, atsparumas nematodams ir ligoms.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 262-270

UDK 633.491:631.527

POTATO BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT PATOGENS

A. Raţukas, J. Jundulas

Summary

Potato breeding and initial seed production of new cultivars in Lithuania is perfomed at the Vokë Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. The key objective in potato breeding is to create high

yielding, early or medium early potato cultivars.

The newly developed potato varities are resistant to wart disease and RO1 patotype of nematodes. The other advantages such as high resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses are given a high priority too in Lithuanian potato breeding.

Key words: potatoes, potato breeding, resistance to nematodes and diseases.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 2001, 75, 271-278

UDK 631.531.01:631.563]:631.523

ILGALAIKIS SËKLØ SAUGOJIMAS LIETUVOS AUGALØ GENØ BANKE

Alma BÛDVYTYTË, Zita KERÐULIENË

Nacionalinis augalø genetiniø iðtekliø koordinavimo centras

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institu

tas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El.paðtas: almabud@lzi.lt

Santrauka

Lietuvos augalø genø banke ilgalaikëmis saugojimo sàlygomis laikoma 55 augalø rûðiø 1033 genetiðkai skirtingø pavyzdþiø sëkla. Ávertinus pradiná sëklø daigumà, kurá jos turëjo prieð ultradesikacijà ir uþðaldymà, taip pat galutiná daigumà po vieneriø metø laikymo esant -18

0C temperatûrai, buvo nustatyta, kaip ilgalaikës saugojimo sàlygos veikia varpiniø bei ankðtiniø javø, paðariniø þoliø sëklø gyvybingumà, kaip pakinta ramybëje esanèiø sëklø kiekis, kokià átakà gyvybingumo iðsilaikymui daro augalo genetinës savybës ir klimatinës augimo sàlygos. Rezultatai patvirtino prielaidà, kad skirtingais metais subrendusi, taip pat skirtingø genotipø sëkla nevienodai toleravo ultradesikacijà ir ðaldymà. Dideli sëklø daigumo pokyèiai vyko ne tik rûðies, bet ir vidurûðiniame lygmenyje. Fizikiniam ramybës periodui ultradesikuotos sëklos ðaldymas pastebimos átakos nepadarë.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: augalø sëklø genø bankas, ilgalaikës saugoj

imo sŕlygos.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 271-278

UDK 631.531.01:631.563]:631.523

LONG TERM SEED STORAGE IN THE LITHUANIAN PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES GENE BANK

A. Bûdvytytë, Z. Kerðulienë

Summary

1033 accessions of 55 species are conserved in the long term seed storage in the Lithuanian genebank. After a year of conservation in such conditions some alterations in seed germination and viability were determined. We estimated tolerance of cereals, pulses, forage and legume grasses to ultradessication and storage in the sub zero temperatures, and effect of long term storage conditions on the break of dormancy. Extent of decrease or increase of germinated seeds number varied among species after one year’s storage in the genebank. However, it also depended on harvest year and on intraspecific variation. Ultradessication and storage in the freezers did not cause any significant changes in seeds physical dormancy in comparison with seed samples held in short term storage conditions.

Key words: Gene bank of plant genetic resources, long-term storage conditions.

 

ISSN 1392-3196

Þemdirbystë. Mokslo darbai, 200

1, 75, 279-288

UDK 633.16:631.527

VASARINIØ MIEÞIØ KOLEKCINËS MEDÞIAGOS ATSPARUMAS LIGOMS

Povilas PETRAUSKAS, Algë LEISTRUMAITË

Lietuvos þemdirbystës institutas

Akademija, Dotnuvos sen., Këdainiø rajonas

El. paðtas: alge@lzi.lt

Santrauka

1993-1999 m. tirtas 672 vasariniø mieþiø veisliø ligotumas Lietuvos þemdirbystës instituto Javø selekcijos skyriaus kolekciniame augyne, provokaciniame fone bei dirbtinai inokuliuojant dulkanèiosiomis kûlëmis. Registruotas rudadëmës (

Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.), juostuotosios dryþligës (Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.) Shoem.), tinkliðkosios dryþligës (Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem.), rinchosporiozës (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis, Owen), septoriozës (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria hordei Jaccz.), miltligës (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Marchal), smulkiøjø rûdþiø (Puccinia hordei Otth.), juodøjø rûdþiø (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. hordei Erikss. et P. Henn.) iðsivystymas ir dulkanèiøjø kûliø (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw.) paplitimas. Atrinktos kiekvienai ligai atspariausios veislës. Kelioms ligoms santykinai atsparios ir derlingos veislës – ‘Flika’ (Prancûzija), ‘Bazis’, ‘Janka’ (Baltarusija), ‘Luna’ (Ðvedija), ‘Krasnojarskij 80’ (Rusija), ‘Sj 922248’ (Danija), ‘Tennis‘ (Anglija) ir kt.

Reikðminiai þodþiai: vasariniai mieþiai, veislës, atsparumas ligoms, rudadëmë dryþligë, juostuotoji dryþligë, tinkliðkoji dryþligë, rinchosporiozë, septoriozë, miltligë, smulkiosios rûdys, juodosios rûdys, dulkanèiosios kûlës.

ISSN 1392-3196

Agriculture. Scientific articles, 2001, 75, 279-288

UDK 633.16:631.527

RESISTANCE OF SPRING BARLEY COLLECTION TO DISEASES

P. Petrauskas, A. Leistrumaitë

Summary

672 spring barley varieties were investigated over the period 1993-1999. Susceptibility to diseases such as spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.), leaf stripe (Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.) Shoem.), net blotch (Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem.), Rhynchosporium leaf spot (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis, Owen), septoria (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria hordei Jaccz.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Marchal), dwarf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth.), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. hordei Erikss. et P. Henn.) and loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw.) was evaluated. Varieties resistant to each disease were selected. The following varieties were high yielding and relatively resistant to some diseases: ‘Flika’ (France), ‘Bazis’, ‘Janka’ (Byelorussia), ‘Luna’ (Sweden), ‘Krasnojarskij 80’ (Russia), ‘Sj922248’ (Denmark), ‘Tennis‘ (England).

Key words: spring barley, varieties, resistance, spot blotch, leaf stripe, net blotch, Rhynchosporium leaf spot, septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, dwarf rust, stem rust, loose smut.

 



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