ISSN 1392-3196 / e-ISSN 2335-8947
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, vol. 109, No. 3 (2022), p. 237–244
DOI 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.030
Characterisation of synthetic hexaploid wheat (BBAuAuAmAm) and its potential use in wheat breeding
Nadia DASKALOVA, Sonya DONEVA, Yordanka STANOEVA, Penko SPETSOV
Abstract
Free-threshing einkorn wheat (Triticum sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk.) is an excellent source of resistance against wheat diseases and grain quality parameters. A new synthetic hexaploid amphiploid SHW45 (T. durum 198-2 × Triticum sinskajae acc. 18397) was studied in C2–7 generations and characterised for field growing. Some traits such as a plant height and spike features including fertility and spike fragility revealed a large phenotypic variation. A strong selection for resistance to spikelet dispersal and a number of seeds per selfed spike led to the creation of several lines. They manifested a variety of resistance to powdery mildew at the seedling stage. Three amphiploid lines with diverse phenotypes and a complete resistance to spike brittleness were crossed as females to the wheat cultivar ‘Sadovska ranozreika-4’. Viable hybrid seeds are obtained only when the synthetic form is a female parent. F1 hybrids of amphiploid line 45-10 bore an average of 9 seeds per isolated spike, which was a significantly better yield than that of other hybrids. The lines showed homogeneity in high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins, as subunit pairs Ax2*+Ay1 and Bx17+By18 are inherited from the T. sinskajae, and T. durum form 198-2, respectively. In total, 14 F2, 22 BC1, and 141 F2-BC1 seeds from the crosses with two bread wheat cultivars were planted in the field.
The synthetic amphiploid lines might be promising genetic resources for resistance to powdery mildew and grain quality in wheat breeding.
Keywords: Triticum sinskajae, synthetic amphiploid, breeding traits, resistance to powdery mildew, HMW glutenins.
