ISSN 1392-3196 / e-ISSN 2335-8947
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, vol. 109, No. 2 (2022), p. 107–114
DOI 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.014
Agro-biological traits of soybean cultivars, their yield quantity and quality under Central European conditions
József CSAJBÓK, Erika Tünde KUTASY, Anteneh Agezew MELASH, István Csaba VIRÁG, Éva Babett ÁBRAHÁM
Abstract
Information on genotype testing on yield and grain quality could be also essential to soybean breeders and agronomists in achieving higher biological and economic efficiency of inputs in Central Europe. This study aimed to evaluate eleven selected soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars in Hungary. From 2017 to 2019, a field experiment on chernozem soil was set up. The experimental site has a temperate continental climate with a 30-year average temperature of 10.3°C and rainfall of 560.1 mm. During the vegetation period (April–September), these data are 17.5°C and 346 mm, respectively. There were significant differences among the cultivars in the measured parameters. During the three years of the experiment, there were significant differences (p < 0.001) in the leaf area index (LAI) among the cultivars. The highest LAI (15.03 m2 m-2) was measured in ‘Isidor’ in 2018. There were significant differences among the cultivars in the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) value during the three experimental years. The correlation between seed yield and the maximum LAI and NDVI values was moderate (r = 0.362 and 0.353, respectively). There were significant differences in seed yield and protein yield among the cultivars because they responded differently to the given environmental conditions. Protein yield was determined by seed yield (r = 0.978) rather than the protein content (r = 0.364). On average of the three years, ‘Isidor’ produced the highest protein yield (1659.3 kg ha-1). The differences in protein yield among the cultivars were high in 2017, 2018, and 2019: the range was 1215.5, 676.3, and 824.2 kg ha-1, respectively. Among cultivars, large annual differences in oil yield were also found.
The investigation of the present study is intended as a contribution to the more efficient and successful soybean cultivation in the region.
Keywords: Glycine max, legumes, pulses, leaf area index, normalised difference vegetation index, protein content, oil content.
